About the Earths Geographic and Magnetic South Pole

About the Earths Geographic and Magnetic South Pole The South Pole is the southernmost point on the Earths surface. It is at 90ËšS scope and it is on the contrary side of the Earth from the North Pole. The South Pole is situated in Antarctica and it is at the site of the United States Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, an exploration station that was built up in 1956. Topography of the South Pole The Geographic South Pole is characterized as the southern point on Earths surface that crosses the Earths pivot of turn. This is the South Pole that is situated at the site of the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. It moves around 33 feet (ten meters) since it is situated on a moving ice sheet. The South Pole is on an ice level around 800 miles (1,300 km) from McMurdo Sound. The ice at this area is around 9,301 feet (2,835 m) thick. Therefore frosts development, the area of the Geographic South Pole, likewise called the Geodetic South Pole, must be recalculated yearly on January 1. As a rule, the directions of this area are simply communicated as far as scope (90ËšS) on the grounds that it basically has no longitude as it is found where the meridians of longitude unite. In spite of the fact that, if longitude is given it is supposed to be 0ËšW. What's more, all focuses moving ceaselessly from the South Pole face north and must have a scope underneath 90ëš as they push north toward the Earths equator. These focuses are as yet given in degrees south anyway on the grounds that they are in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the South Pole has no longitude, it is hard to read a clock there. What's more, time can't be evaluated by utilizing the suns position in the sky either in light of the fact that it rises and sets just once every year at the South Pole (because of its outrageous southern area and the Earths hub tilt). In this manner, for comfort, time is kept in New Zealand time at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Attractive and Geomagnetic South Pole Like the North Pole, the South Pole likewise has attractive and geomagnetic posts which contrast from the 90ËšS Geographic South Pole. As indicated by the Australian Antarctic Division, the Magnetic South shaft is the area on the Earths surface where the heading of the Earths attractive field is vertically upwards. This structures an attractive plunge that is 90ëš at the Magnetic South Pole. This area moves around 3 miles (5 km) every year and in 2007 it was situated at 64.497ËšS and 137.684ËšE. The Geomagnetic South Pole is characterized by the Australian Antarctic Division as the purpose of crossing point between the Earths surface and the pivot of an attractive dipole that approximates the Earths community and the start of the Earths attractive field. The Geomagnetic South Pole is evaluated to be situated at 79.74ËšS and 108.22ËšE. This area is close to the Vostok Station, a Russian examination station. Investigation of the South Pole In spite of the fact that investigation of Antarctica started in the mid-1800s, endeavored investigation of the South Pole didn't happen until 1901. In that year, Robert Falcon Scott endeavored the principal campaign from Antarcticas coastline toward the South Pole. His Discovery Expedition kept going from 1901 to 1904 and on December 31, 1902, he arrived at 82.26ËšS yet he didn't travel any farther south. Presently, Ernest Shackleton, who had been on Scotts Discovery Expedition, propelled another endeavor to arrive at the South Pole. This endeavor was known as the Nimrod Expedition and on January 9, 1909, he went in close vicinity to 112 miles (180 km) from the South Pole before he needed to turn around. At last in 1911 in any case, Roald Amundsen turned into the principal individual to arrive at the Geographic South Pole on December 14. After arriving at the shaft, Amundsen built up a camp named Polhiem and named the level that the South Pole is on, King Haakon VII Vidde. after 34 days on January 17, 1912, Scott, who was endeavoring to race Amundsen, additionally arrived at the South Pole, however on his arrival home Scott and his whole campaign kicked the bucket because of cold and starvation. Following Amundsen and Scotts arriving at the South Pole, individuals didn't return there until October 1956. In that year, U.S. Naval force Admiral George Dufek arrived there and presently, the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station was set up from 1956-1957. Individuals didn't arrive at the South Pole via land however until 1958 when Edmund Hillary and Vivian Fuchs propelled the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Since the 1950s, the greater part of the individuals on or close to the South Pole have been analysts and logical endeavors. Since the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station was set up in 1956, scientists have ceaselessly staffed it and as of late it has been redesigned and extended to permit more individuals to work there consistently. To get familiar with the South Pole and to see webcams, visit the ESRL Global Monitorings South Pole Observatory site. References Australian Antarctic Division. (21 August 2010). Shafts and Directions: Australian Antarctic Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.). ESRL Global Monitoring Division - South Pole Observatory. Wikipedia.org. (18 October 2010). South Pole - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Child Protection Policy free essay sample

Roughly 4 out of 10 kids in Grades 1-3 and 7 out of 10 in higher evaluation levels have grumbled of boisterous attack by their educators; 36. 53 % of kids in Grades 4-6 and 42. 88% of secondary school understudies studied showed they have encountered verbal sexual savagery in school and 11. 95% of youngsters in Grades 4-6 and 17. 60% of secondary school understudies have encountered improper contacting. †¢Source: â€Å" Towards A Child â€Friendly Education Environment†, PWU-C. CWC-UNICEF for Plan Philippines in 2009 Physical, Verbal and Sexual Abuse and Violence Among Children , (I. . Tormenting, and so on ) A. 73. 58% of kids in Grades 4-6 and 78. 36% in secondary school overviewed in urban regions have experienced boisterous attack savagery their companions; 30. 17% of youngsters in Grades 4-6 and 37. 57% in secondary school studied in country territories have encountered physical maltreatment or savagery submitted by their companions; 26. 74% of kids in Grades 4-6 and 43. 71% in secondary school in urban regions studied have encountered verbal sexual maltreatment submitted by their friends and 9. 65% of Grades 4-6 and 17. 71 of secondary school understudies experienced unseemly contacting. Source: â€Å" Towards A Child â€Friendly Education Environment†, PWU-B. C. CWC-UNICEF for Plan Philippines in 2009 MANDATE ? Workmanship. XV. Sec. 3(b). 1987 Philippine Constitution: â€Å"the State will safeguard the privilege of kids to help, including appropriate consideration and sustenance, and unique insurance from all types of disregard, misuse, savagery, abuse and different conditions biased to their development†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Article XIV, Section 3, (b): â€Å" every single instructive foundation will teach energy and patriotism, encourage love of humankind, regard for human rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ? ? Article 218, 220, 233 of the Family Code of the Philippines and PD 603 â€Å"gives the school, its managers and instructors, or the individual, substance or organization occupied with kid care the uncommon parental position and duty over the minor kid while under their watch, guidance or custody†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Authority and duty will apply to every single approved action whether inside or outside the premises of the school, substance or institution†¦. † DECLARATION OF POLICY †¢ Deped will guarantee that our schools are helpful for the training of kids. The wellbeing of the kid will be the fundamental thought in all choices and activities including kids. Instructors are their substitute guardians and are relied upon to release their capacities and obligations in view of this. DepED will proclaim a zero resilience arrangement for any demonstration of youngster misuse, misuse, viciousness, separation, tormenting and different types of misuse. †¢ OVERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS OF THE POLICY ? 1. Objective: successful execution of a zero resilience arrangement for any demonstration of youngster misuse, misuse, savagery, separation, harassing and different types of misuse. 2. Denied ACTS . Kid misuse; 2. Oppression kids; 3. Youngster Exploitation; 4. Brutality Against Children in School; 5. Whipping; 6. Any undifferentiated from or comparative acts; and 7. Harassing or Peer Abuse ? â€Å"Violence against kids submitted in schools† alludes to a solitary demonstration or a progression of acts submitted by school directors, scholastic and non-scholarly faculty against a kid which result in or is probably going to bring about physical, sexual, mental damage or enduring, or different maltreatment including dangers of such acts, battery, attack, pressure, badgering or discretionary hardship of freedom. It incorporates, however isn't constrained to the accompanying demonstrations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Physical savagery Sexual viciousness Psychological brutality Other demonstrations of brutality ? â€Å"Corporal Punishment† alludes to a sort of discipline or punishment forced for a claimed or real offense, which is completed or perpetrated, with the end goal of order, preparing or control, by an instructor, school overseer, a grown-up, or whatever other youngster who has been given or has accepted power or accountability for discipline or order. â€Å"Bullying or Peer Abuse† †alludes to unshakable forceful conduct that is coordinated towards a specific casualty who might be out-numbered, more youthful, powerless, with handicap, less certain, or in any case defenseless, more especially: a. Harassing b. Digital harassing 3. Obligations AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOLS ? Guarantee the foundation of successful youngster assurance approaches and systems and screen consistence thereof; Ensure that the school receives a kid security arrangement, compose and meet Child Protection Committee (CPC) for the school; Conduct the limit building exercises for the individuals from the CPC and Guidance Counselors/Teachers; Ensure that the participatory and different privileges of kids are regarded and maintained in all issues and techniques influencing their government assistance; Coordinate with proper workplaces and other organization or instrumentality for fitting help and mediation, as might be required in the exhibition of its capacities ? ? ? 4. Foundation OF CHILD PROTECTION COMMITTEE (CPC) Composition: School Head/Administrator †Chairperson Guidance Counselor/Teacher â€Vice Chairperson Representative of the Teachers as assigned by the Faculty Club Representative of the Parents as assigned by the PTA Representative of understudies/understudies as ass igned by the Supreme Student Council Representative from the Community as assigned by the Punong Barangay, ideally from the BCPC. ? ? ? ? ? ? Elements of CPC’s: ? Start data spread projects and compose exercises for the assurance of kids; Establish a framework for distinguishing understudies who might be experiencing critical damage dependent on any physical, passionate or social signs; Monitor the execution of positive measures and viable methodology in giving the essential help to the youngster and for the individuals who care for the kid; and Ensure that the children’s option to be heard are regarded and maintained in all issues and techniques influencing their government assistance. ? ? ? 5. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Capacity Building of School Officials, Personnel, Parents and Students ? Procedures: ? Directing meetings, trainings and workshops on positive companion connections and improvement of social and enthusiastic ability; ? Utilizing preparing modules which incorporate positive and peaceful order in homeroom the board and sexual orientation affectability; ? Utilizing of means which improve the aptitudes and instructional method in incorporating and educating children’s rights in the study hall. 6. Defensive AND REMEDIAL MEASURES TO ADDRESS BULLYING AND OTHER ACTS OF ABUSE ? Systems: All tormenting occurrences will be accounted for to the School Head. The School Head will thusly illuminate the guardians regarding the understudies concerned and a gathering will be held for that reason. The understudy will be alluded to the CPC for advising and different intercessions. The School may force Non-corrective Measures as per the standards of Positive and Non-Violent Di scipline. ? ? ? Reformatory estimates will be a final retreat. 7. Techniques IN HANDLING CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION, VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION CASES 1. Speedy direct of examination and detailing of cases; 2. School Head or the Schools Division Superintendent will advance the protest inside 48 hours to the Disciplining Authority, who will give an Order for the direct of a reality discovering examination, not later than 72 hours from accommodation; 3. On the off chance that the individual griped of is a non-showing staff, the Schools Division Superintendent will cause the direct of a reality discovering examination inside a similar period; 4. Criminal and common risk will not be a bar to the documenting of an authoritative case; 5. The Revised Rules of Procedure of DepED in Administrative Cases will apply in every single other perspective; 6. The character or other data that may sensibly distinguish the understudy or understudy will stay secret; and 7. The personality of a respondent-instructor will moreover be kept private. 8. Evaluation AND REFERRAL OF VICTIMS TO LSWDO ? The CPC will achieve the Intake Sheet; ? The School Head may allude the people in question and guilty parties to LSWDP for evaluation and proper mediation bless your heart

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Walking down the streets of SoHo shopping district during the month of June, you’ll see several dozen storefronts plastered in rainbow colors. As part of the LGBTQ community, my immediate reaction is, for lack of a better word, pride. I feel represented, wanted, and supported. As acceptance of queer identities (very) slowly but surely becomes commonplace in the overall American perspective, corporations undoubtedly move with their consumer base toward their political beliefs. This can be a natural phenomena under a capitalist system but upon deeper reflection, it feels exploitative. On the other end of the corporate pride month marketing rainbow is not unequivocal support for queer identities. It is capitalistic exploitation via the monetizing of queer culture and experience. As a policy student and during this Pride month, I want to inform people how corporation’ support for queer identities can be thinly-veiled, and under the veil is corporate profit and greed. First, we must explore what Pride is about. Pride commemorates the Stonewall Riots, a rebellion against police attempting to arrest queer people under the archaic sodomy laws in which men (and women) could be arrested if they did not abide by heterosexual, cisgendered norms. At its core, Pride is not about rainbow colors placed on a sock. Pride is about fighting back against a discriminatory system a system in which corporations have long acted in support that limits queer expression and rights. Pride is also time to reflect and celebrate the accomplishments the queer community has achieved despite a thriving system against us. Pride is about recentering acceptance as core to our community despite all the pain the queer community faces. Pride has never been about profits. Corporations do not contribute to the core of the Pride commemoration when they only paint their storefronts, merchandise, and services in rainbow colors. The limited-time offerings of low-quality rainbow T-shirts at higher prices is not an in-depth reflection on the queer experience. It’s a move to use queer symbols as profit. Furthermore, when corporations gain these profits, they seldom put it back into the community that is likely buying their Pride-centric goods and services. Even the corporations that do such a thing, likely by partnering with nonprofits for their Pride campaigns, seldom donate more than 15% of their profits to their partner. This is why Pride and corporations is a largely parasitic relationship corporations profit off queer culture and its burgeoning mainstream acceptance to then give no true benefit to the queer community. I recognize that some may say this critique is too harsh. I can acknowledge that the awareness of queer identities and acceptance as social progress is something that corporations actively play a role in. This is simply not enough though. Queer acceptance in all spaces should be a basic human right, and praising corporations for providing an open expression of that acceptance one month out of the year is a diluted accomplishment. When it comes to Pride campaigns, corporations can take the extra step to acknowledge queer struggle, pain, and history by donating ALL the profits gained from Pride month campaigns back into the queer community through scholarships, non-profit contributions, leftist political campaign donations, and other avenues of economic, social, and political empowerment for the LGBTQ community. Only then can the negative qualities of capitalism be somewhat mitigated to ultimately not exploit the queer experience for corporate profit. Next time I’m in SoHo, I want to know the places I’m shopping at support my community more than just a rainbow clothing campaign. I want them to support our collective struggle to navigate a heteronormative, homophobic, and transphobic system. I want to know that the money I spend at their stores, on their Pride campaign, is used for my community. If they are going to use queer culture as a design, they must understand queer history and be actively fighting to end the queer struggle.

Qué información tienen en control migratorio de USA

Mediante el sistema TECS, los oficiales en los controles migratorios  tienen acceso a una gran informacià ³n sobre los extranjeros que desean ingresar a Estados Unidos.   Pero,  ¿quà © tipo de informacià ³n contiene TECS?  ¿Quà © problemas pueden surgir?    ¿Quà © es el sistema TECS de informacià ³n en control migratoriode USA? TECS es una plataforma informà ¡tica gestionada por la Policà ­a de Control de Fronteras (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), que es parte del Departamento de Seguridad Internet (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En realidad es un sistema de sistemas donde diversas agencias ingresan informacià ³n para que los oficiales de la CBP puedan verificarla respecto a cada extranjero que quiere internarse en el paà ­s. Entre las agencias que suministran informacià ³n a destacan: El FBILas embajadas y consulados americanosLas cortes de JusticiaEl IRS, que es la agencia tributaria de Estados UnidosLas policà ­as locales y estatales.  ¿Quà © sistemas operan dentro de TECS y cà ³mo afectan en la prà ¡ctica a los viajeros? US-VISIT. Al llegar a la aduana americana, se le toma una foto y las huellas dactilares a la mayorà ­a de los extranjeros. Este sistema permite compararlas con las dadas en el momento de solicitar la visa en consulado o embajada. Asà ­, se impide que una persona utilice el pasaporte de otra para intentar ingresar a Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n sirve para evitar que los extranjeros con dos pasaportes intenten utilizar uno de ellos cuando se les ha denegado la visa americana con el otro. Por ejemplo, un venezolano que tambià ©n es espaà ±ol. Si solicità ³ el visado como venezolano y la solicitud le fue rechazada, luego no puede pretender ingresar con el espaà ±ol, aprovechando que a los ciudadanos de Espaà ±a no se les pide visa para visitas de turismo. Con US-VISIT el oficial de aduanas se da cuenta de que està ¡ ante una persona con la visa denegada y posiblemente le impida internarse en el paà ­s. APIS. Es el sistema por el que las aerolà ­neas comunican a las autoridades americanas que un extranjero ha comprado un boleto de avià ³n y pretende viajar hacia Estados Unidos. Entre la informacià ³n que transmiten se encuentra: nombre, apellidos, fecha de nacimiento, gà ©nero y lugar de expedicià ³n del pasaporte. Las aerolà ­neas tambià ©n colaboran comunicando cuando un extranjero embarca en uno de sus aviones cuando sale de Estados Unidos, con lo que la CBP puede saber inmediatamente si ha excedido la estancia autorizada. Recuerda que si no sales a tiempo, asà ­ sea por unas pocas horas, la visa se cancela y los del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no pueden disfrutar de ese privilegio. Ademà ¡s, si la estancia sin permiso fue superior a seis meses, aplica el castigo o penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os. IAFIS. Busca en una gran base de datos del huellas dactilares del FBI, al que previamente autoridades policiales locales y estatales han enviado informacià ³n. Asà ­ se puede saber prà ¡cticamente al momento si el extranjero que desea entrar en Estados Unidos tiene un rà ©cord criminal y proceder a su detencià ³n o expulsià ³n. En la actualidad IAFIS alberga mà ¡s de 55 millones de expedientes, siendo la mayor base de datos del mundo de esta naturaleza. Otros sistemas a destacar dentro de TECS son IDENT y ENFORCE. Ademà ¡s, el oficial de la CBP puede incorporar informacià ³n nueva como su impresià ³n sobre el extranjero o el resultado de una pequeà ±a conversacià ³n: a quà © viene, por cuà ¡nto tiempo, dà ³nde se va a alojar, etc.  ¿Quà © sucede cuando el oficial de la CBP tiene acceso a la informacià ³n TECS? En la mayorà ­a de los casos tramitarà ¡ muy rà ¡pidamente la autorizacià ³n de la entrada del extranjero. En la actualidad mà ¡s de 900,000 personas pasan a diario por las fronteras americanas. En una media de 32,000 casos diarios serà ¡ necesario una segunda inspeccià ³n. De ellos, se calcula que a unos 15 se accederà ¡ a la informacià ³n de sus aparatos electrà ³nicos, como telà ©fonos, computadoras, cà ¡maras de fotos, tabletas, etc. Son casos muy extraordinarios y generalmente responde a asuntos relacionados con la seguridad nacional, terrorismo o delitos particularmente horrendos como la pornografà ­a infantil o narcotrà ¡fico. La gran mayorà ­a de las personas que deben pasar a una inspeccià ³n secundaria no tendrà ¡n ningà ºn problema y se les permitirà ¡ entrar tras un pequeà ±o retraso para comprobacià ³n de datos. Si bien es posible que en determinados casos a un extranjero se le autorice el ingreso pero se le de una citacià ³n para presentarse ante un juez de inmigracià ³n. Esto sà ³lo pasa si asà ­ lo decide el oficial de inmigracià ³n (no es un derecho del extranjero) y como requisito previo es necesario que tenga al menos una visa en vigor. Es decir, no aplica a las personas autorizadas a viajar sin visa, segà ºn el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados, que no van a ser enviadas a un juez si surgen problemas. Y finalmente a un total aproximado de 210,000 personas al aà ±o se les prohibe la entrada y son devueltas al lugar donde originà ³ su viaje. En estos casos dos situaciones pueden ocurrir: Que el oficial de inmigracià ³n permita una retirada de la peticià ³n de entrar, que es lo mà ¡s ventajoso.Que se ordene una expulsià ³n inmediata, con lo que el afectado tiene prohibido el regreso a a EEUU por cinco aà ±os. Ademà ¡s, su visa actual se ha cancelado. Y si se trata de una persona del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no podrà ¡ viajar con la ESTA y necesitarà ¡ solicitar previamente a viajar una visa en el consulado. Hay que tener muy en cuenta que para que una persona extrajera pueda ingresar a Estados Unidos en todo momento tiene que reunir dos condiciones: ser elegible y ser inadmisible. Y es que tener una visa vigente o ser de un paà ­s que permite viajar sin visa no es suficiente. Estas son 22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible y 20 que la convierten en inelegible. Estas razones tienes consecuencias en los consulados a la hora de aprobar una visa o su renovacià ³n y tambià ©n en los controles migratorios de Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © hacer si siempre te envà ­an a inspeccià ³n secundaria, te hacen perder vuelos de enlace, crees que hay informacià ³n errà ³nea sobre ti en el sistema? El DHS tiene un sistema para poder comunicar esas quejas e intentar subsanar posibles errores. Lo que hay que entender es que los extranjeros no tienen un derecho a entrar en Estados Unidos, aunque tengan visa en vigor. Y, por lo tanto, no hay ninguna violacià ³n de un derecho que no existe. No se puede demandar, ya que no hay derecho que exigir. Sà ­ se puede intentar arreglar errores o dejar pasar el tiempo en caso de castigos por determinadas acciones. A tener en cuenta Es posible que una persona que nunca haya tenido ningà ºn problema para ingresar, un dà ­a se encuentre con que es parada y no se le permite. Eso puede deberse a que ciertos elementos pueden ser interpretados y analizados de manera distinta, segà ºn el oficial de inmigracià ³n que toque, por ejemplo,  ¿cà ³mo se determina si una persona tiene intencià ³n de quedarse dentro de EEUU? Un agente puede verlo de una manera y otro de otra. Pero tambià ©n es posible que simplemente se haya introducido en TECS un dato que hasta ese momento no figuraba. Puede ser reciente o viejo. Y una vez que le consta al oficial de la CBP determinadas actividades decide prohibir la entrada. Por otro lado, la frontera terrestre, especialmente con Mà ©xico- tambià ©n se protege con aparatos tecnolà ³gicos de à ºltima generacià ³n, aà ºn sin la construccià ³n del muro propuesto por el presidente Trump. Finalmente, tener presente que no sà ³lo la CBP tiene acceso a TECS sino mà ¡s agencias del gobierno estadounidense como NCIC y NLETS, e incluso se le permite al CPIC que es de Canadà ¡. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Hunahpu and Xbalanque - The Maya Hero Twins

The Hero Twins are famous Mayan semi-gods called Hunahpu and Xbalanque, whose story is narrated in the Popol Vuh (â€Å"The Book of Council†). The Popol Vuh is the sacred text of the Quichà © Maya of the Guatemalan highlands, and it was written during the Early Colonial period, probably between 1554–1556, although the stories within it are clearly much older. The First Hero Twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque are the second Hero Twins in Maya mythology. Like all Mesoamerican cultures, the Maya believed in cyclical time, including periodic cosmic destruction and renovation, called the ages of the world. The first pair of divine hero twins were the Maize Twins, 1 Hunter Hun Hunahpu and 7 Hunter Vuqub Hunahpu, and they lived during the second world. Hun Hunahpu and his twin brother Vucub Hunahpu were invited down into the Maya underworld (Xibalba) to play the Mesoamerican ballgame by the Xibalban lords One and Seven Death. There they fell prey to several trickeries. On the eve of the scheduled game, they were given cigars and torches and told to keep them lit all night without consuming them. They failed in this test, and the penalty for failure was death. The twins were sacrificed and buried, but the head of Hun Hunapu was cut off, and only his body was buried with his younger brother. The Lords of Xibalba placed Hun Hunapus head in the fork of a tree, where it helped the tree bear fruit. Eventually, the head came to look like a calabash—the American domesticated squash. A daughter of one of the lords of Xibalba named Xquic (Blood Moon) came to see the tree and Hun Hunapus head talked to her and spit saliva into the maidens hand, impregnating her. Nine months later, the second Hero Twins were born. The Second Hero Twins In the third world, the second pair of hero twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque, avenged the first set by defeating the Lords of the Underworld. The names of the second set of Hero Twins have been translated as X-Balan-Que â€Å"Jaguar-Sun† or â€Å"Jaguar-Deer,† and Hunah-Pu, as â€Å"One Blowgunner.† When Hunahpu (One Blowgunner) and Xbalanque (Jaguar Sun) are born, they are treated cruelly by their half-brothers  but make themselves happy by going out every day to hunt birds with their blowguns. After many adventures, the twins are summoned to the underworld. Following in the footsteps of their fathers, Hunahpu and Xbalanque descend the road to Xibalba, but avoid the tricks that captured their fathers. When they are given a torch and cigars to keep alight, they trick the lords by passing off a macaws tail as the glow of a torch, and by putting fireflies at the tips of their cigars. The next day, Hunahpuh and Xbalanque play ball with the Xibalbans, who first try to play with a ball made of a skull covered with crushed bone. An extended game follows, full of trickery on both sides, but the wily twins survive. Dating the Hero Twins Myth In prehistoric sculptures and paintings, the Hero Twins arent identical twins. The older twin (Hunahpuh) is depicted as larger than his younger twin, right-handed and masculine, with black spots on his right cheek, shoulder and arms. The sun and pronghorn antlers are Hunahpuhs main symbols, although often both twins wear deer symbols. The younger twin (Xbalanque) is smaller, left-handed and often with a feminine guise, with the moon and rabbits his symbols. Xbalanque has patches of jaguar skin on his face and body. Although the Popol Vuh dates to the Colonial period, the Hero Twins have been identified on painted vessels, monuments, and cave walls dating to the Classic and Preclassic period, as early as 1000 BCE. The names of the Hero Twins are also present in the Maya calendar as day signs. This further indicates the importance and antiquity of the myth of the Hero Twins, whose origins date back to the earliest period of Maya history. Hero Twins in the Americas In the Popol Vuh myth, before avenging the fates of the first twins, the two brothers have to kill a bird-demon called Vucub-Caquix. This episode is apparently portrayed in a stela at the early site of Izapa, in Chiapas. Here a couple of young men are portrayed shooting a bird-monster descending from a tree with their blowgun. This image is very similar to the one narrated in the Popol Vuh. The myth of divine hero-twins is known in most Native American traditions. They are present in myths and tales both as legendary ancestors, and heroes that need to overcome various trials. Death and rebirth are suggested by many of the hero-twins appearing in the form of men-fish. Many Mesoamerican Indians believed that gods catch fish, human embryos floating in a mythical lake. The Hero Twin myth was part of a suite of ideas and artifacts that arrived in the American southwest from the gulf coast beginning about 800 CE. Scholars have noted that the Maya Hero Twin myth appears in southwestern United States Mimbres pottery about that time. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Boskovic, Aleksandar. The Meaning of Maya Myths. Anthropos 84.1/3 (1989): 203–12. Print.Gilman, Patricia, Marc Thompson, and Kristina Wyckoff. Ritual Change and the Distant: Mesoamerican Iconography, Scarlet Macaws, and Great Kivas in the Mimbres Region of Southwestern New Mexico. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 90–107. Print.Knapp, Bettina L. The Popol Vuh: Primordial Mother Participates in the Creation. Confluencia 12.2 (1997): 31–48. Print.Miller, Mary E., and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Print.Sharer, Robert J. The Ancient Maya. 6th ed. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006. Print.Tedlock, Dennis. How to Drink Chocolate from a Skull at a Wedding Banquet. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 42 (2002): 166–79. Print.---. The Popol Vuh: Definitive Edition of the Maya Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings. 2nd ed. New York: To uchstone, 1996. Print.

A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Free Essays

Louis de berniires wrote this chapter in the third person narrative, nonetheless, the narrator does not indicate to us who this ‘wild man of the ice’ actually is. We assume that he indeed does know who this man is. The opening of the chapter is quite an idyllic picture created by Pelagia with her mention of seeing, ‘Her first butterfly of the year,’ which gives the reader a sense of bliss as well as Pelagia. We will write a custom essay sample on A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this idyllic picture is shattered in the second chapter as she saw, ‘There was a stranger seated at the kitchen table,’ she described the man as, ‘A most horrible and wild stranger who looked worse than the brigands of childhood tales. ‘ This particular sentence indicates to the reader a sense of foreboding. Although, we later find out that this man is Mandras, now neither Pelagia nor we have any idea. This then proves a scenario than many people dread and some can even relate to, coming home and finding a strange in your home. This is a nightmare situation, and although we do not have a detailed description of Pelagia’s feelings, the reader would have a good idea of how she felt at that moment. In a way, this is clever by de berniires as he is leaving the reader to become Pelagia and feel the feelings she is feeling. Although, this is only one interpretation of this section, it does seem like an intention of de berniires as he does not go into a lot of detail about Pelagia’s feelings now, but in other parts of the book, he does. Following this, de berniires shows us the state that Mandras is in, he uses a lot of very descriptive and quite gruesome images created of Mandras’, ‘Suppurating wounds,’ and the, ‘reek of rotting flesh. ‘ These images help to create an image of how Mandras may have appeared to Pelagia and do help to prove the fact of why he is unrecognisable to Pelagia. De Berniires has given us a lot of information about Mandras at this point and Pelagia sees very uneasy and she can only say that her, ‘Father’s out,’ which indicates her level of diffidence. We can also see form Mandras’ speech that because of his physical pain he is projecting a sense of mental instability. This could be evident from his short sentences and his bad language. He comes a point of almost breaking down where he is accusing his perpetrators as, ‘Bastards, Bastards,’ but Pelagia, although appalled, seems to try and be sensible and not try anything untoward, by just asking him to leave, in not so many words. From this Mandras begins to talk very quickly and he seems very uncomfortable until finally he asks Pelagia to look at his hands. He then, ‘Held them up to her, palm outwards in the gesture that would normally be an insult,’ which showed Pelagia the extent of the injuries he had been subject to, which may have made her feel sorry for him. On the other hand, it may just have made her feel unwell. After this, Mandras again begins with his quick-paced narrative. He begins by talking about the way, ‘The ice screams. It shrieks. ‘ This could be a failure of communication of the part of Mandras and an idea of his mind playing tricks on him. This would highlight what the war had done to Mandras, and shows us the situation he was in. It also specifies the kind of physical torture he must have endured. There is also a point that he may have been subject to extremely cold weather and may have lost his fingers to frostbite. This would explain this section of the chapter quite clearly. The sentences are very abrupt and every sentence is almost self-contained. Due to the fact that the sentences are short and sharp and as the sentences are disjointed we can clearly see the madness of Mandras. Following this section, we can see that Pelagia is beginning to get desperate, this desperation if evident in the tone of voice she uses. She wants him to leave and pleads with him. This may or may not be an indication of sorrow and tearfulness. However, when she pleads for him to leave, it does seem to provoke a reaction in Mandras. This reaction is the first response that she has received from him, this could prove to Pelagia that maybe he is not a, ‘Wild man,’ and that he is probably a man. On the other hand, Pelagia still has no idea who he is and why he is here in her kitchen. As a result, the narrator then has decided upon the introduction of Psipsina. This is very important and is probably the turning point of the chapter. There is a sudden change in atmosphere and this is an indication of reality being restored. This is introduced by firstly, the realisation that, ‘At least Psipsina remembers me. ‘ This is a very revealing sentence as it brings Pelagia’s thought to a different place. It makes her wonder who this man actually is. Pelagia knows how, ‘Psipsina was afraid of strangers,’ and this begged the question form her about, ‘how did this ghastly ruin know her name? ‘ Although these questions seem inconsiderate, she suddenly had a thought of maybe this was her beloved Mandras. This may have seemed like a very good guess, but it also may have been something she was always thinking in the back of her mind. Although she kept calling him, ‘ghastly,’ and, ‘wild,’ she may have been only saying these things to try and block out the truth. This could be described as a manipulation of her mind and could be a disguise for her anger towards Mandras. This anger would be because Mandras went and got badly injured, which is an idea that some people adopt as it could be a reckless thing for them to do. In this case is it could also be that Pelagia was calling him so many different things to block out any possibility of it being Mandras. When Mandras realises that Pelagia has recognised her, he describes how he has, ‘got lice,’ and how he, ‘Shat himself when a bomb fell,’ which specifies how maybe all he wants is to be with her, but he does not want to subject her to all the troubles he has been victim to. This provides an answer as to why he did not to tell her who he was straight away. Subsequent to finding out about Mandras, Pelagia then begins questioning him about why, ‘You never wrote to me,’ which is an accusation that Mandras can only answer truthfully by telling Pelagia that he, ‘Can’t write. ‘ This is a new idea introduced by de berniires and does make Pelagia think of why he had not tried other things like, ‘couldn’t someone else have written for you? ‘ We now see an element of Pelagia as a young immature girl and Mandras as a mature person. Where before Pelagia had realised it was Mandras, these roles were reversed. The maturity of Mandras could be associated with the things he has faced in war, and now that he is able to talk, he beings to apologise and explain. Mandras is further depicted by the narrator as, ‘An infinity of fatigue,’ which is connected with his eyes, but could well be a generalisation for his whole body at this moment. We see his frailty being embellished as, ‘He tried to steady his cup to drink, failed, and put it down on the table. ‘ This reminds us simply that he is severely injured even though he is know talking instead of the painful silence and very disjointed sentences spoken earlier in the chapter. Furthermore, this provokes Pelagia to ask about the letters she had sent to him. Mandras, ‘Fumbled inside his clothing and drew out a huge and bedraggled packet bound together with tripwire. ‘ It showed to Pelagia that he had indeed received the letters, but he then stated that he, ‘Couldn’t read them,’ which would have made Mandras seem very inferior, but he now seems more powerful and this illiteracy does not seem to dumb him down that much. However, Pelagia then tries to take control by not reading the letters to Mandras when he asked her to, ‘Even if it’s too late. This creates a sense of longing and makes us have pity toward him, but rather than Pelagia pitying him, she takes control by saying that she will read them, ‘Later. ‘ This is ironic as later Mandras forces her to read them to him, which gives he may think gives him back his control. However, the fact that Pelagia can read and he cannot still gives her the power o ver him. After all this has gone on Mandras simply fondles Psipsina and thinks that, ‘Only the animals know me. ‘ Yet, it seems that Pelagia does know take pity of him as she sits with him and comforts him at the end of the chapter. The way Mandras, ‘Buried his face in his hands and began to rock like an injured child,’ does point to a very scared and lonely position. People who want to shut themselves out form the world and live in a world of their own adopt this position. Therefore, Pelagia notices this and tries to comfort him, and maybe succeeds in letting Mandras know that she will be there for him. This would have made him feel that he is not alone and even though he is physically repulsive, Pelagia is more interested in his feelings more. How to cite A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, Papers

Memorandum Essay Example For Students

Memorandum Essay To: All teachersFrom: Date:August 22, 2016Subject:AR point requirements As we start our new school year, I would like to remind everyone about our AR point requirements. Students must meet both requirements to be considered for the Six Weeks party, along with their behavior in class. If students do not meet their goal of 85% on accuracy and 100% of their points read, then they will not even be considered. If they meet both of those requirements, havent been sent to the office, or had more than three warnings in class then they are eligible for the party. I could really use your help in encouraging our students to work hard to meet their goals. Not every kid has the same goal. It is an individual goal that they are encouraged to do their best to achieve. If you see a kid struggling please find them a reading partner to read with to help them along the way. Not every school has a program as eventful as ours. We have shown great improvement in the past two years and I look forward to seeing much more! This will be another great year! Please help me out as we are here to show these kids that reading can be fun and a key to their success. Thanks. cc: Janice George, PrincipalFrom: To: TVCC Dean of StudentsSubject: Added Late Night Parking Lot Student SafetyDean Jordan, For several weeks now there has been a feeling of fear from students as they walk to their dorms or parking lot after night classes. This has been caused by the recent vehicle burglaries, and student assaults on campus. So, we have decided to take your advice, and not travel alone. Several student groups have volunteered to escort other students to their dorms or parking spaces at night. This in return has caused some of us to come in late past curfew. Would you please discuss this issue with the Dorm Advisors and let them know that the reasoning for the past curfew entries is justified, We feel this is added security needed until the college is able to boost its police force parking lot patrols. I have arraigned a meeting of several fraternities, and student groups to discuss this further. It will be held Wednesday, August 3, 2016 at 6PM in the Student union Building. We invite you to attend and add your thoughts. Sincerely, Julie FlorenceDADCEMemoBBDBCCFalse

Waterlily Handicrafts Website Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction The advantage of this survey is that the mark users will easy see the merchandises and its monetary values and will hold plenty cognition to the concern and its operation. The mark market for H2O lily handcrafts would be predominately the local market of wealthier Filipinos. abroad Filipino workers. exiles and aliens. The local authorities unit of Paniqui plans to prosecute on providing H2O lily handcrafts for sweeping to a figure of domestic distributers and retail webs. The purpose of H2O lily boxes. baskets. and pocketbooks will chiefly be environment witting consumers who do non utilize plastic bags or fictile containers. These consumers and other incognizant consumers will be targeted through direct selling and direct and indirect advertisement runs backed up by the local authorities unit of Paniqui. the Provincial Government of Tarlac. and the Department of Trade and Industry. There are three chief market marks for the H2O lily handcrafts. We will write a custom essay sample on Waterlily Handicrafts Website Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mark for the H2O lily manner points ( largely handbags. slippers. billfold. etc. ) will be established domestic handcraft jobbers and retail merchants in Luzon. Visayas and Mindanao. every bit good as exporters for the United States. Japan. and European markets. It is anticipated that domestic gross revenues to provide to the big touristry market all over the Philippine islands will do up the bulk of H2O lily manner itemsales. The mark market for H2O lily handcrafts ( largely lampshade. cosmetic family merchandises. placemats. etc. ) will ab initio be the Filipino community populating abroad. This embodies a important market. as there are many Filipinos working around the world-over 860. 000 non adverting Filipino immigrants. so the overall possible market size is big. The chief possible rivals would be other communities all over the state who besides started this H2O lily weaving undertaking. as this is promoted by the Department of Trade and Industry to local authorities units with problem with the annoying H2O works. Another is handicrafts made of other autochthonal stuffs. Water lily merchandises could vie good on the footing of monetary value with other autochthonal stuffs as the natural stuffs are freely harvested. The typical publicity about the H2O lily merchandises is that they are good crafted by manus using autochthonal stuffs and the designs are cosmetic stressing the Filipino heritage. Besides. the usage of the merchandise is really helpful to the environment as it substitutes the usage of plastic stuffs and at the same clip ceases the clogging of flow of H2O on rivers and brooks. However. the merchandising monetary value of the handcraft is really sensible. The handcraft could besides be made to order. The job of the mark users was they want to hold an easy dealing to the Water lily Handicrafts. so we are developing a web site entitled Water lily Handicrafts Website for them to utilize and to hold a solution to their job about all their demands to cognize about the concern. Undertaking Context The H2O lily undertaking started as a support plan for the Paniqui adult females. out-of-school young persons. and senior citizens organized by the Local Government Unit of Paniqui. Management is directed by the Municipal Mayor with the aid of the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office. A broad scope of merchandises like places. sandals. slippers. bags. baskets. billfolds. pouches. belts. trays. placemats. boxes. tissue holders and many others can be crafted by Paniqui folks utilizing chaffs of dried H2O jacinths. The Program is in coordination with the Provincial Government of Tarlac which besides gives the needful promotional and advertisement run with the national bureau. the Department of Trade and Industry who assist the weavers for needful preparation and development. It started from 12 homemakers to 25 adult females and young persons and so to 50 within a twelvemonth. Handcrafting finally became a constructive activity for people who were one time lingering outside their places playing cards and acquiring drunk the every twenty-four hours. Some weavers take their work at place with the whole household fall ining the devising of the H2O lily handcrafts. While others chooses to work at the Paniqui Livelihood Center were stuffs are readily available. A family would gain approximately around three hundred pesos ( Php 300 ) weekly during slack season and about six hundred pesos ( Php 600 ) weekly during extremum season. Before it became a support plan last August 2008. the constructs for these H2O lilies are plagues to the community as it hampers the flow of H2O in rivers and brook during heavy rains doing implosion therapy in the country. It is projected that by the 4th twelvemonth of operation the entire income for the workers from handcrafting activities could increase approximately 3 times by the twelvemonth 2012. Purpose and Description The intent of the survey is to supply a web site to the community of Paniqui. Tarlac for the Waterlily Handicrafts for them to easy advance and publicize their merchandises. AimsThe purpose of the survey focuses on the development of the proposed Waterlily Handicrafts Website.Some of the aims are: 1. To assist the citizens of the municipality of Paniqui. Tarlac to advance their merchandises online. 2. To hold an easy minutess to their clients through the web site. 3. To salvage manpower when it comes to selling the merchandises through the handiness of the web site. Scope and Restriction The system is an on-line concern dealing of merchandises. It is chiefly indicated to the abodes of the state of Tarlac. It is a user friendly system that is capable in doing an easy dealing in order to supply good service to clients. The system is limited merely for concern dealing of the merchandises. The bringing services are within merely the country of Tarlac state. With respects to the buyers of different states. merchandises will be delivered by other national bringing services ( eg. . 2 spell ) . Further the system will merely accept payments on hard currency footing. Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE/SYSTEMSForeign LITERATURE Once considered a nuisance. the one time humble H2O lily is making ripplings in the agriculture word because of its assorted economic sciences possibilities. It is a free-floating perennial aquatic works indigen to tropical South America. With wide. midst. slick. ovate leaves. it may lift above the surface of the H2O every bit much as one metre in tallness. The foliages are 10-20 centimetres across. and float above the H2O surface. It has long. spongy and bulblike chaffs. The feathery. freely hanging roots are purplish-black. An vertical chaff supports a individual spike of 8-15 conspicuously attractive flowers. largely lavender to tap in colour with six petals. Experts call it H2O jacinth but to most Filipinos it is known as â€Å"water lily. † Water jacinth ( scientific name: Eichorniacrassipes ) is considered the most productive works on Earth as it yields more than 200 dozenss of dry affair per hectare per twelvemonth under normal conditions. On H2O incorporating high concentrations of sewerage. it yields up to 657 dozenss of dry affair per hectare. â€Å"The works is far more productive than the harvests that have been carefully cultivated by adult male under near-ideal conditions of fertilisation. irrigation. and pest control. † wrote John Bunton in an article which appeared in Far Eastern Agriculture. Water jacinth was introduced into many parts of the universe. including the Philippines. as an cosmetic garden pool works due to its beauty. But today. it is considered a plague as 10 workss could bring forth good over 650. 000 offspring within eight months. In Laguna de Bay. for case. H2O jacinth is considered a nuisance. â€Å"These workss now cover some 20 % of the lake’s surface country. † said Edgardo Manda. general director of Laguna Lake Development Authority. He added that such proliferation threatens endurance of aquatic species there since these workss block sunlight’s incursion into the H2O. That is merely one of its ecological impacts. Water jacinth besides reduces biological diverseness. impacts native’ submersed workss. alters immersed works communities by forcing off and oppressing them. and besides alter carnal communities by barricading entree to the H2O and/or extinguishing workss the animate beings depend on for shelter and nesting. In Lake Victoria. African fishermen have noted that. in countries where there is much H2O hyacinth infestation. the H2O is still and warm and the fish disappear. They besides complain that crocodiles and serpents have become more prevailing. The physical jobs brought approximately by H2O jacinths are now common cognition. Water hyacinth mats clog waterways. doing boating. fishing and about all other H2O activities impossible. Many big hydropower strategies are enduring from the effects of H2O jacinth. Presently. there are several popular control mechanisms for forestalling the spread of or eliminating H2O jacinth: biological. chemical and physical control. Each has its benefits and drawbacks. Chemical control is the least favoured due to the unknown long-run effects on the environment and the communities with which it comes into contact. Physical control. utilizing mechanical mowers. dredgers or manual extraction methods. is used widely but is dearly-won and can non cover with really big infestations. It is non suited for big infestations and is by and large regarded as a short-run solution. Biological control is the most widely favored long- term control method. being comparatively easy to utilize. and arguably supplying the lone economic and sustainable control. In some parts of the universe. researches have been done to do H2O jacinth into a profitable harvest alternatively of a serious plague. In Bangladesh. the Mennonite Central Committee has been experimenting with paper production from water-hyacinth for some old ages. They have established two undertakings that make paper from H2O jacinth stems. The H2O hyacinth fibre entirely does non do a peculiarly good paper but when the fibre is blended with waste paper or jute the consequence is reportedly good. Similar small-scale bungalow industry papermaking undertakings have been successful in a figure of states. including the Philippines. Indonesia. and India. Another application of H2O jacinth is the production of rope. The fibre from the roots of the H2O jacinth works can be used to do rope. The chaff from the works is shredded lengthways to expose the fibres and so left to dry for several yearss. The rope devising procedure is similar to that of jute rope. The finished rope is treated with chemicals to forestall it from decomposing. In Bangladesh. the rope is used by a local furniture maker who winds the rope around a cane frame to bring forth an elegant finished merchandise. In China. it is common pattern to blend H2O jacinth in a hog slop incorporating a assortment of other vegetable waste affair. The mix is boiled for hours until it is reduced to a mash. Coconut repast. fish repast and Indian potato bar plus maize and rice bran. are frequently added to the mash. Five per centum of H2O jacinth in the entire diet of hogs leads to significantly weight additions. But feed incorporating 30 % of more of jacinth can cut down weight addition by over 90 % . These trials show that H2O jacinth as a provender for animate beings must be used with great attention. Water jacinth is besides a good provender for fish. For case. the Chinese grass carp is a fast growth fish which eats aquatic workss. It grows at a enormous rate and reaches sizes of up to 32 kgs. It is an comestible fish with a tasty white meat. It will eat submerged or drifting workss and besides bank grasses. The fish can be used for weed control and will eat up to 1840 % of its ain organic structure weight in a individual twenty-four hours. Other fish such as the Tilapia. Ag carp. and silver dollar fish are all aquatic and can be used to command aquatic weeds. Water jacinth has besides been used indirectly to feed fish. Dehydrated H2O jacinth has been added to the diet of channel catfish fingerlings to increase their growing. It has besides been noted that decay of H2O jacinth after chemical control releases foods which promote the growing of phytoplankton with subsequent additions in fish output. Another agricultural usage of H2O jacinth is by turning them into green manure or as compost. As a green manure. it can be either ploughed into the land or used as mulch. The works is ideal for composting. After taking the works from the H2O it can be left to dry for a few yearss before being assorted with ash. dirt and some carnal manure. In Sri Lanka. H2O jacinth is assorted with organic municipal waste. ash and dirt. composted and sold to local husbandmans and market nurserymans. In Bangladesh. husbandmans have started bring forthing fertiliser made from H2O jacinth. Local LITERATURE The Water Hyacinth Weaving Enterprise. which provides support to over 200 households. was set up by the Villar Foundation and is given a encouragement during the day-long â€Å"Water Lily† Festival in July. The H2O hyacinths bear lily-like flowers. which has moved locals to name it H2O lily. To unclutter the Las Pinas River of this aquatic plague. occupants harvest them and dry the chaffs. which become the natural stuff for bring forthing baskets. trays. slippers. and other functional and cosmetic points. The Festival characteristics presentations on basket weaving. assortment shows participated in by home-grown endowments. trade carnival having merchandises made from H2O jacinths every bit good as other merchandises from the assorted barangay support undertakings. In the Philippines. H2O jacinth is dried and used to do baskets and entangling for domestic usage. The key to a good merchandise is to guarantee that the chaffs are decently dried before being used. If the chaffs still contain wet so this can do the merchandise to decompose rather rapidly. Water jacinth is besides used to bring forth similar goods for the tourer industry. Traditional basket devising and weaving accomplishments are used. The undertaking is still really much at the thought phase and both a proficient and a socio-economic survey are planned to measure the chances for such a undertaking. Water jacinth can besides be used to help the procedure of H2O purification either for imbibing H2O or for liquid wastewater from sewerage systems. In a imbibing H2O intervention works. H2O jacinths have been used as portion of the pretreatment purification measure. In sewage systems. the root constructions of H2O jacinth ( and other aquatic workss ) provide a suited environment for aerophilic bacteriums to map. Aerobic bacteriums feed on foods and bring forth inorganic compounds which in bend provide nutrient for the workss. Local Surveies Water lilies are known to boom in organic structures of H2O. turning up to a tallness of 40 inches. While they besides provide utile beings to submerged life. they multiply instead rapidly and as such. geta waterways. block drainage systems. and cause inundations. But these annoying H2O lilies. one time seen as aquatic nuisances that would do the Prinza River in Las Pinas to overrun now have an alternate usage. Under the Livelihood Skills Program of the â€Å"Water Lily Weaving Project† of the Villar Foundation. H2O lilies are being made into handcrafts. launch support undertakings and used as an effectual tool to rehabilitate the really communities it they one time adversely affected. Once harvested. the workss are dried under the Sun and so cured in an oven. Then they cut. and dead set around a wire frame and dyed before they are woven into trade articles. The finished points are tissue holders. baskets. shackles. and other merchandises. Each point is sold per piece and the sum of money one takes place depends on one’s diligence. Because end product is straight rewarded. workers are motivated to be more productive. Cynthia Villar highlighted the importance of H2O lily in bettering the lives of Las Pinas occupants by declaring the 27th of July as the twenty-four hours of the Water Lily Festival. Chapter 5RecommendationThe researcher’s recommend that: a. The other towns of Tarlac may follow and utilize the proposed system in order for them to hold an organize merchandising of their merchandise. B. The state of Tarlac will hold a centralized web site to show different merchandises of the different towns of Tarlac and to inform the other provinces/ metropoliss in order for them to buy. c. Further researchers/ feasibleness surveies will be done to better the system to present a more efficient service to the buyers. d. Card minutess will be acceptable in buying the waterlily handcraft merchandises. List of Mentionshypertext transfer protocol: //laspinascity. gov. ph/articles/9-water-lily-festivalhypertext transfer protocol: //www. villarfoundation. org/page? id=44 A ; menu=4

Visiting a Foreign Country Essay Example

Visiting a Foreign Country Essay Example Visiting a Foreign Country Essay Visiting a Foreign Country Essay for example to ask your way around the town, and will boos

PWC job opportunities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PWC job opportunities - Assignment Example However, there is no limit to the professional skills that are considered in this respect. The organization is interested in establishing how one’s talents, leadership abilities and skills are best fit for its needs. PWC offers a range of services to its customers which means that it needs a relatively wide variety of skilled personnel to accomplish its functions effectively as a service provider. Generally, the organization offers internship and full time jobs for university students who are interested in working under any of the following lines of service: Advisory, Tax or Assurance. Since the organization is dedicated to training its own staff beyond what they have learnt at school, the organization accepts students taking almost any course. A high GPA and consistency in academic performance is one of the organization’s focus when recruiting its staff. The company generally employs students pursuing degree courses at the least. In order to be considered for internship, a student needs to submit his/her application stating their personal and academic background, accomplishments, personal interests, professional interests and leadership roles if any. The student may apply for positions advertised by the organization as posted in the school’s career centre. Alternatively, the student may apply by creating a talent profile on the company’s website. Generally, students who have worked with the organization as interns have a higher chance of getting full time jobs withy the company as common practice with other organizations. The student may apply for positions advertised by the organization as posted in the school’s career centre. Alternatively, the student may apply by creating a talent profile on the company’s website. In the application process, the student will have to submit his/her professional resume which will be vital in their evaluation.

Derivatives as a way of mitigating financial risk Literature review

Derivatives as a way of mitigating financial risk - Literature review Example Certain creditor protection rules are extended to these derivatives and this helps to increase their security and reduce financial risks. The other side is that with excessive credit protection norms, capital markets will under price the credit risks. This means that risks that should be valued at say 100 Pounds will be considered to be worth only 80 Pounds. This increases systemic risks and helps to propagate credit booms. The reason is that the lending firm considers a risk of 80 Pounds worthwhile while extending loans whereas if the assets had a risk of 100 Pounds, the lending firm would reduce the amount lent (Chance and Brooks, 2010). The paper will examine how derivatives based on standard assets and bonds can be used as a method of mitigating risk. 1.1. OTC and ETD and risk management Two main types of derivates are available and these are over the counter derivatives – OTC’ and ‘exchange traded derivative contracts’ - ETD. OTC instruments are privat ely traded between two parties and the exchange is not involved. Instruments traded included forward rate agreements, exotic options, swaps and other types. The main constituents and partners in the OTC markets are banks, financial institutions and hedge funds. The market is estimated to be worth 708 trillion USD and most of it occurs in private without any public listing and declaration. Out of this amount, 67% is for interest rate contracts, 9% are foreign exchange contacts while credit default risk make up 8% and ht rest is made up of equity contracts, commodity contracts and others. Since there is no external counterparty that acts as a central agency and mandates the exchange of contracts some, element of risks can exist. These risks can occur if either of the party cannot or will not honour its commitments to pay the contracted amount. This possibility is rare since banks and financial institutions are expected to be stable. Hence, derivatives are used to make the appropriate profits in ITC markets (BIS, 2011). In the case of exchange trade derivatives, these instruments traded through the derivatives exchange serve as an intermediary for the transactions. The exchange takes a certain percentage from both parties as the initial margin. The combined revenue of the world's derivatives exchanges was about 344 trillion USD. Examples of instruments that form ETD are futures contracts, interest rate and index products, convertible bonds, and warrants. These instruments can be traded only through special derivatives exchanges such as KOSPI Index Futures & Options, Eurex, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, New York Mercantile Exchange and others. These instruments have certain guaranteed prices on the maturity value and the guarantee is given by the derivatives exchange that has already taken a margin from both parties. This helps to manage risks. Due to low risks, returns obtained are also less and may range in the 3 to 6% range (Bartram, et all, 2011). The derivativ es market and risks are different from the equity market where individuals can take up stock trading on their risk. The firm whose stocks are traded in the stock market will not give any assurance about the price stability or that a certain amount of dividend is payable. The stock market exchange also does not regulate the transactions between the parties. Therefore, if the price falls, the risk is borne by the party. In effect, derivatives markets transfer the risk from parties that aver risk

What Is Meant By The Age Of Enlightenment Criminology Essay

What Is Meant By The Age Of Enlightenment Criminology Essay John Howard- was a county squire, social activist, and sheriff of Bedfordshire. He had great influence in improving sanitary conditions and securing humane treatment in prisons throughout Europe. He was responsible for persuading the House of Commons to enact a set of penal reform acts. Along with others, Howard drafted the Penitentiary Act of 1779, which called for the creation of houses of hard labor where people convicted of crimes that would otherwise have earned them a sentence of transportation would be imprisoned for up to 2 years. Prisoners were to be confined in solitary cells at night but were to labor silently in common rooms during the day. The twofold purpose of the penitentiary was to punish and to reform offenders through solitary confinement between intervals of work, the inculcation of good habits, and religious instruction so that inmates could reflect on their moral duties. 4 principles Secure and sanitary structure Systematic inspection Abolition of fees Reformatory regimen New penal institution should be a place not merely y o f industry but also of contrition and penance All these influences created a major change in the practice of the penal system. Penal codes were rewritten to emphasize adaption of punishment to the offender. Correctional practices moved away from inflicting pain to the body towards methods that would set eh individual on a path of honesty and right living. Conclusively, a penitentiary was developed where criminals could be secluded from the enticements of society, think about their crimes, and therefore be rehabilitated. The end result of the Enlightment era was that prisoners were tortured less but forced to suffer longer, more psychologically tormenting, stays of imprisonment. 4. Discuss the concept of crime as a moral disease. What is meant by this? What are the implications? How did this affect the idea of imprisonment and prison? Morality is a set of principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Crime as a moral disease means that crime happens because of a choice based on bad values by the offender. In other words it could be described as a disease of the mind. Crime is the result of your surroundings and values that make you choose to do what you do. Criminals were viewed as the victims of social disorder. It came about during the age of the penitentiary in the 19th century America. While alcohol was one of the biggest social problems, psychic disorder, opium addictions and general public and moral disorder offenses started to become increasingly common. Crimes of violence, property offenses (theft and burglary) were increasing. (Bloomberg Lucken) Crime was additionally attached to social factors. Four reformers during this time gave their ideas: Gresham Powers claimed that the causes of crime can be found in the rapid growth of wealth, population size, immigration and commerce and manufacturing (Bloomberg Lucken). Edward Livingston claimed that crime was product of intemperance, laziness, ignorance, irreligion and poverty (Bloomberg Lucken). John Griscom found crime to be in the context of bad parenting and that parents allow children to do what they want without restraints and limits (Bloomberg Lucken). Lastly, Thomas Eddy claimed that crime could be traced to excessive passions like lust, greed or violence. These passions overpower the qualities of reason and rationality. (Bloomberg Lucken) Each one of these reformers suggested various reasons as to why crime was existing using social factors like the community and attitudes of those communities and upbringings as the causes. The many assertions of what the causes of crime basically implicated three different foundations: broken family, intemperance and a general bad environment: (Bloomberg Lucken). Therefore, when you put all three of these sources together, the crimes that occurred during this time period held that a tainted community filled with temptation and evil promoted morally weak surroundings which contributed to morally weak people who cant resist the social evils. In the mid 1800s society was in decline. (Bloomberg Lucken) Things were not going good around this time. As a result, when you have a broken family and you live in a bad environment, people do not know right from wrong. The morality of the environment you live in mixed with temptations will make someone steal or burglarize a home. The morality of what is inherently good and bad was never instilled so the morality of the person is weak. Therefore, these offenders behaviors are seen as a moral disease. The cure for moral disease was a moral science. This concept affected the idea of imprisonment and prison because it was presumed that scientific advancement that treat physical disorders could be employed to treat evil. Dr. Benjamin Rush was a famous physician at the time and believed crime as an infectious disease. Rush along with other doctors medicalized pretty much all behaviors. He taught that disease was a habit of wrong action and habits that cause harm are diseases. Crime can ultimately be cured and the injection against evils and crime first need strong discipline and the shutting down of any establishments of bad character. Any influences that can corrupt the mind need to be removed in order for one to get better (Bloomberg Lucken). As a result, Rush suggested the idea of a House of repentance. Imprisonment and prisons took on the The House of repentance which helped the prisoner meditate on their crimes, experience remorse, and undertake rehabilitation. These ideas turne d into the Pennsylvania System and later led to a penitentiary in hopes to create a repentant facility with solitary confinement. Prison basically became a place to think about what you have done day in and day out and ask forgiveness for your evil acts of crime. American Penology: A history of Control (Enlarged Second Edition), Bloomberg, Thomas Lucken, Karol 6. What is the medical model of penology? What was its approach? How did this translate into real world applications? Did it work- why or why not? Prisons in our society have gone through many transformations and modifications. When one design does not work we change it for a new one in hopes of better outcomes. Our prison systems have shifted their focus from punishment to rehabilitation then from reentry and reintegration back to incarceration. Along the way, the demands of the criminal justice system changed and prison models were developed to help crime rates diminish. In 1929, the idea to have institutions that target rehabilitation as its main goal was introduced. Prisons were to convert into something similar to a mental hospital that would rehabilitate and assess the offender for readiness to go back into. Therefore, in the 1950s the medical model started to become widespread regarding this idea. The medical model is the model of corrections based on the belief that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological defects that require treatment. Crime was seen as a moral disease and viewed criminals as victims of social disorder. This model was the first genuine effort to apply medical strategies that aimed directly at scientifically classifying, treating, and rehabilitating criminal offenders. The offenders in this model were dealt with on an individual basis to establish the cause or causes of their criminal behavior. The approach this model took was to figure out why a person committed their crime and what could be done to fix it. The individual treatment was based on what the science of penology decided was needed. Prisons and jails were the ones diagnosing the causes of crime (drug abuse, alcohol abuse, etc). They were also the ones recommending programs and procedures to cure the illnesses. Many of the programs applied by the model: home confinement, halfway houses, pre-release centers, parole, mandatory release and work programs. Additionally, the new penology procedures included: psychotherapy, shock therapy, behavior modification, counseling and group therapy. The offenders criminal history, personality and their unique needs were taken into account to figure out how to fix their illness. Furthermore, the medical model of corrections was designed and aimed to treat criminals illnesses with expectations that when they are released, the offender is cured and will not recidivate. The applicable programs and procedures of the medical model had an admirable goal of helping offenders find solutions to what caused them to commit crimes and apply them. Unfortunately, the model was unsuccessful and it came to an end. One reason the model did not work was because of budget problems. Many states adopted the medical model but only in name. Even when the model was at its highest point, most states didnt assign any more than five percent of the budget towards rehabilitation. The medical model was also said to be forced and encouraging dishonesty. The participation of the model was all mandatory instead of voluntary. Offenders had to take their medications and treatments whether they wanted to or not. As a result, the inmates knew what to do if they wanted to get out of prison or jail. They knew if they displayed good behavior and did the treatments and therapies needed, they would be released. Dishonesty amongst the inmates seemed to be seen as encouraged because of this. 7. What accounts for the growth of prisons in the U.S.? Give at least 3 explanations along with specific examples. Are these valid explanations- why/why not? There are many things that account for the growth of prisons in the U.S. Three things in particular are the new penal policies that happened in the get-tough era, inequality of poor, disadvantaged men and recidivism and violations of probation and parole. In 2009, three are 2,429,299 people in federal, state, and local prisons and jails which is the highest incarceration rate in the world (http://www.drugpolicy.org/drug-war-statistics ). One reason is the get-tough-on-crime laws that boosted an increase in prisons. The laws include mandatory sentencing, three strikes, truth-in-sentencing and more that result in longer and harsher penalties. So why would this be a reason for prison growth? Well the aggressive policing in minor crimes like shoplifting, drug possession or other minor offenses traps people in the three-strikes-laws for repeat offenders. The three-strike laws establish mandatory twenty-five years imprisonment which mandates longer sentences for repeat offenders. Another example is the mandatory minimum sentences from 1986 that are basically fixed sentences to those convicted of a crime, regardless of culpability or other mitigating factors. Mandatory minimums were used to catch drug distributions and most people in a mandatory sentence are low-level drug offenses. If caught on drug possession charged you are going away for a minimum of fifteen years no questions or arguments. This is valid because accordi ng to the Drug Policy Alliance, more than 80 percent of the increase in the federal prison population from 1985 to 1995 was because of drug convictions (http://www.civilrights.org/publications/justice-on-trial/sentencing.html). Additionally, the three-strike laws are also non-violent repeat offenders. As a result, prisons are constantly trying to make room for all these non-violent offenders and releasing violent felons because these laws say that minor offenses must be tough and the offender must serve their time in prison rather than rehabilitation. The reason for these laws was to stop violent criminals, but the opposite is taking place and minor offenses by offenders are sent to prison longer than those who commit violent acts. Mandatory minimum sentencing and the three-strike laws were very hard mostly on drug offenses. The War on Drugs was brought to stop the selling, manufacturing and importing of illegal drugs. The two sentencing types led to the increase of drug offenders to fill the prison systems. The Number of people arrested in 2011 in the U.S. on nonviolent drug charges: 1.53 million (http://www.drugpolicy.org/drug-war-statistics ). A second reason for the growth of prisons in the U.S is due to the inequality of poor, disadvantaged men. According to Punishment and Inequality in America by Bruce Weston says that unemployment, family instability, and neighborhood disorder combine to produce especially high rates of violence among young black men. Poverty Poverty cycles create prisoners. Entire demographic groups which are categorized as living at or below the poverty level in most studies reflect an individual from that generational group going to prison or jail. During the past 25 years, there has been a widening gap in America between the haves and have nots. Once a person has been jailed or incarcerated, they are categorized by most employers as third class citizens, which limits their opportunities to climb out of a cycle of poverty years after their release. The cultural group impacted the most is African-Americans. A third reason is recidivism and technical violations of probation and parole. There are so many people out on probation and parole that parole and probation violations increases which makes them go back into prison. Serious technical violation like the repeated failure to report, violent crime a pattern of misbehavior can land a person on probation or parole back in in prison. As we know, there are not many rehabilitation programs that help the offenders reintegrate back into society. Therefore, when prisoners are released back into society they just recidivate and end up back in prison. This causes a growth of prisons in the U.S. There are two specific statistical examples to show the rates of recidivism: Of the 272,111 persons released from prisons in 15 states in 1994, an estimated 67.5% were rearrested for a felony or serious misdemeanor within 3 years, 46.9% were reconvicted, and 25.4% resentenced to prison for a new crime. (http://bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tptid=17 ) Released prisoners with the highest re-arrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%). (http://bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tptid=17 ) This argument is valid because these statistics plus many more show how offenders are cycling in and out of the criminal justice system. Not only do we have new offenders but now old offenders who cannot cycle out of the system.

Gore Case Study

Since its humble beginning in 1958, W. L. Gore and Associates (Gore) fostered a strong working environment by encouraging its staff to become creative thinkers while implementing an employee empowerment approach to management. Gore’s self developing teams have proven to be leaders in creativity, design, and productivity. The company’s â€Å"Superteam† has been the key to their successful growth in electronics, medical, fabrics, and industrial products. Their highly efficient flat corporate structure creates an atmosphere of leadership within a lattice organization that has proven to be one of the most effective approaches to business success.Effective market performance driven by four operating principles of fairness, freedom, commitment, and waterline, dictate the company’s promise that is â€Å"Committed to the fitness-for-use of our products where culture drives innovation to create a broad range of high performance products that make a difference in p eoples’ lives. † The corporate philosophy of having a flat and lattice organization translates into leaders, associates and sponsors. Each Gore employee is considered to be an associate. By having associates and no titles, the company eliminates the need for managers and cultivates leaders.To further stimulate leadership, each associate becomes a sponsor to new employees. Gore believes that each of us needs a guide to act as a mentor, an advocate of corporate philosophy, and a voice of experience. Sponsors encourage new employees to be creative thinkers and communicators while providing feedback and discussion of contributions and areas for growth. Although sponsors work closely with associates, they never give assignments or act as gatekeepers to new assignments and approvers of projects. With this philosophy in place, Gore’s team orientations proliferate.The team building and collaboration on projects allow no room for competition but instead encourage workplac e productivity. Gore’s workplace productivity improvement process is centered around its corporate culture of having a non-traditional working environment based on direct communication. Their culture energizes associates, builds effective teams and produces superior business results. Gore encourages creative and entrepreneurial thinking by communicating directly rather than having a chain of command.This position of trust with little oversight provides associates the opportunity to use their judgment in pursuing new ideas. Through the creativity of each employee, a commitment to projects and a unified pursuit of success is inherent. There are numerous programs at Gore that support workplace productivity improvement which associates growth and development with a distinctive culture that is maintained and strengthened. Promoting diversity is an important part of workplace values at Gore as they raise awareness of potential micro-inequities in daily routines through training and workshops.A healthy work environment is found in each Gore plant by having a smoke-free environment, healthy plant-like settings, and recreational opportunities. Face-to-face communication is also the preference of corporate leaders as they directly speak to employees on specific issues and facilitate direct group discussion. Compensation within the organization is given in proportion to the contribution the associate makes to the financial success of Gore. Each associate is compensated based on peer rankings and job effectiveness. Gore is considered to be one of the best workplaces in the U.S. as corporate researchers such as Great Place to Work Institute, Inc. , placed the company very favorable amongst other Fortune 100 companies. The corporate structure of the U. S. Navy shares some of Gore’s workplace improvement values. Sailors share and own activities that make up a specific process. Each individual is known as a â€Å"process owner† and it is ultimately their responsibility for accountability and the proper working conditions of projects. The Sailor is driven to be a leader and has control over the entire process from beginning to end.A teamwork approach is intrinsic to life in the Navy. By utilizing total quality tools and methods, the Navy organization continuously reinforces teamwork. Through the utilization of team members’ collective knowledge, experiences, and efforts, the Navy continues to improve its processes. These benefits describe the â€Å"Total Navy Experience† which through teamwork and process ownership, the whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts. Gore’s organization consists of self-managing groups that share responsibility and are aligned in a flat hierarchy of functions.In this organization, there are no subordinates; there are only peers negotiating with peers. Gore’s workplace is free of the barriers that are typical of more traditional companies. The company has done away with ti tles and special entitlements, and encourages direct, one-on-one communication. Multi-disciplined teams of associates in clustered plants organize around technologies and market opportunities. This unique corporate culture contributes directly to its product successes and workplace productivity. Gore Case Study Since its humble beginning in 1958, W. L. Gore and Associates (Gore) fostered a strong working environment by encouraging its staff to become creative thinkers while implementing an employee empowerment approach to management. Gore’s self developing teams have proven to be leaders in creativity, design, and productivity. The company’s â€Å"Superteam† has been the key to their successful growth in electronics, medical, fabrics, and industrial products. Their highly efficient flat corporate structure creates an atmosphere of leadership within a lattice organization that has proven to be one of the most effective approaches to business success.Effective market performance driven by four operating principles of fairness, freedom, commitment, and waterline, dictate the company’s promise that is â€Å"Committed to the fitness-for-use of our products where culture drives innovation to create a broad range of high performance products that make a difference in p eoples’ lives. † The corporate philosophy of having a flat and lattice organization translates into leaders, associates and sponsors. Each Gore employee is considered to be an associate. By having associates and no titles, the company eliminates the need for managers and cultivates leaders.To further stimulate leadership, each associate becomes a sponsor to new employees. Gore believes that each of us needs a guide to act as a mentor, an advocate of corporate philosophy, and a voice of experience. Sponsors encourage new employees to be creative thinkers and communicators while providing feedback and discussion of contributions and areas for growth. Although sponsors work closely with associates, they never give assignments or act as gatekeepers to new assignments and approvers of projects. With this philosophy in place, Gore’s team orientations proliferate.The team building and collaboration on projects allow no room for competition but instead encourage workplac e productivity. Gore’s workplace productivity improvement process is centered around its corporate culture of having a non-traditional working environment based on direct communication. Their culture energizes associates, builds effective teams and produces superior business results. Gore encourages creative and entrepreneurial thinking by communicating directly rather than having a chain of command.This position of trust with little oversight provides associates the opportunity to use their judgment in pursuing new ideas. Through the creativity of each employee, a commitment to projects and a unified pursuit of success is inherent. There are numerous programs at Gore that support workplace productivity improvement which associates growth and development with a distinctive culture that is maintained and strengthened. Promoting diversity is an important part of workplace values at Gore as they raise awareness of potential micro-inequities in daily routines through training and workshops.A healthy work environment is found in each Gore plant by having a smoke-free environment, healthy plant-like settings, and recreational opportunities. Face-to-face communication is also the preference of corporate leaders as they directly speak to employees on specific issues and facilitate direct group discussion. Compensation within the organization is given in proportion to the contribution the associate makes to the financial success of Gore. Each associate is compensated based on peer rankings and job effectiveness. Gore is considered to be one of the best workplaces in the U.S. as corporate researchers such as Great Place to Work Institute, Inc. , placed the company very favorable amongst other Fortune 100 companies. The corporate structure of the U. S. Navy shares some of Gore’s workplace improvement values. Sailors share and own activities that make up a specific process. Each individual is known as a â€Å"process owner† and it is ultimately their responsibility for accountability and the proper working conditions of projects. The Sailor is driven to be a leader and has control over the entire process from beginning to end.A teamwork approach is intrinsic to life in the Navy. By utilizing total quality tools and methods, the Navy organization continuously reinforces teamwork. Through the utilization of team members’ collective knowledge, experiences, and efforts, the Navy continues to improve its processes. These benefits describe the â€Å"Total Navy Experience† which through teamwork and process ownership, the whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts. Gore’s organization consists of self-managing groups that share responsibility and are aligned in a flat hierarchy of functions.In this organization, there are no subordinates; there are only peers negotiating with peers. Gore’s workplace is free of the barriers that are typical of more traditional companies. The company has done away with ti tles and special entitlements, and encourages direct, one-on-one communication. Multi-disciplined teams of associates in clustered plants organize around technologies and market opportunities. This unique corporate culture contributes directly to its product successes and workplace productivity.

Psychological theory of development phase Essay

Juniad is ten, he is currently experiencing constant developmental phase through his life experience, the nature of his current developed behavior problems are: aggressiveness, defiantness, disobedient and incompetence in class activities. His challenges are reading disorder, school insufficient resources, failure, bullying and dysfunctional parenting. Using the Erik Erikson psychological theory of developmental phase I will be looking at Junaid’s current developmental stage, and I will also be analyzing the factors playing a role in junaid’s developmental stage and also how efficient he will be able to handle the current crisis he is experiencing. Furthermore I will be suggesting options available to facilitate a successful resolution of Junaid’s current developmental stage bolstering his chances of exiting this stage with confidence and competence. With the Erik Erikson psychological theory of development phase Juniad is currently in Industry vs Inferiority. Ju naid is ten this stage begins at the age of 6 to puberty, the challenge is mastering of certain basic skills required for success in adult life while avoiding feelings of inferiority. In this stage children develops ability to work with others, success becomes very important to the child the Synthesis when this psychological crisis is resolved successfully. Children develop a sense of competency at useful skills and tasks. More and new demands are imposed upon children and children in turn are generally ready to meet these demands. The danger at this stage, is, inferiority this is reflected in sad pessimism of children who have little have little confidence in their ability to do things well. This sense of inadequacy may develop when parental attitudes are negative towards the child’s developing competency, when family life has not prepared children for school life or when experiences with teachers and peers are so negative that they destroy children’s feeling of competence and mastery (Louw & Louw, 2007). Junaid is not successfully resolving the crisis faced by him, because factors like reading disorder, school insufficient resources, failure, bully ing and dysfunctional parenting are challenges that are interfering with his current stage in Erikson’s psychological theory of development. All this factors leads to his developed behaviour problems of aggressiveness, defiantness, disobedient and incompetence in class activities; this is an interpretation that he couldn’t acquire the basic  skills in life for the next developmental stage, his incompetence around this areas lead to behavioral problems, because this is the best way he knows how through his life experiences and the factors around him. Problems like aggressiveness looking into Instrumental aggression; it refers to aggression as a means to an end (Louw & Louw, 2007). Junaid could be aggressive just to pass a message to the parent or the social environment, that is emotional needs are not meet. According to Louw and Louw (2007) Erikson’s basic trust vs. mistrust; from Basic trust infants develops the necessary self-confidence, mistrusting infants are usually subjected to erratic or harsh care and cannot depend on the goodness and compassion of others. They therefore tend to protect themselves b y withdrawing from others around them and it is carried into later relationship. Juaid lacks self-confidence in himself and his abilities, his non-participation in class activities shows he is unable to meet up with the teacher’s expectation. Looking into self-confidence in terms of Erik’s basic trust vs mistrust, it is necessary to develop self-confidence this only shows that Junaid’s was subjected to harsh care and he is trying to protect himself from his parents’ behaviour towards him and the social environment. He feels there is no goodness or compassion and these basic mistrust issues can also be added with the crisis he faces in his current live as he lacks self- confidence in everything he does. Children developmental stages is a process that still relies on pass encounters or experience to predict or understand present behaviour. Children development is a continues process, the behavior of every individual’s is unique, children generally have these unique way in which they cognitively and emotionally interpret and proces s their experiences this plays a significant influence on their development. Looking into developmental areas; aggressiveness, defiantness, disobedient and incompetent with class activities are all related to â€Å"social development â€Å" It is the development of an individual’s interaction and relationships with other people. Furthermore it also refers to the influence of society and significant other persons on the individuals, one importance aspect of social development is â€Å"moral development† (Louw & Louw, 2007). Being aggressive, defiant, disobedient and incompetent with class activities shows there is also a problem in the moral development. Going back into social development, society and significant other person’s plays an important role  in the individual’s life. Some of Juniad’s challenges like Bullying and dysfunctional parenting style, Reading disorder and failure, we could clearly see how social factors have an effect on his current developed behavior problems. Bullying it is destructive form of peer interaction in which children become frequent targets of verbal and physical attacks or other forms of abuse (Louw & Louw, 2007). Bullying has influence on the child’s psychical, emotional, social and educational wellbeing. Reading disorder which leads to failure can be associated as a result of bullying since Juan’s first grade. Parent and educators have an important role to play in eradicating bullying. Dysfunctional parenting style and aggression, social factors of aggressive behavior parents play a vital role in their children’s aggressive behavior, the type of nurturance a child receives and the disciplinary strategies that parents follow. Children whose parents are cold, negative, hostile and rejecting towards them tend to be more aggressive. Parents negative behavior may cause frustration in the children because their emotional needs are not being meet; they react with aggressive behaviour (Louw & Louw, 2007). Juniad’s father wants him to be involved in sport. As a result of his lack of competency in sports due to physical nature his father criticized him. Recalling back to social factors of aggressive behaviour and parents, we could actually see one or more reasons why junaid is aggressive how the negative behaviour of his dad causes frustration in his life. Parents need to know children developmental phrase and the developmental stages each developmental characterizes and crisis, the opposing poles according to which individuals must orientate. The positive and negative poles of a crisis in children development and also find the necessary solution to remedy the current crisis, because the earlier stage of psychological development provide the foundation for the later stage (Louw & Louw, 2007). Parents should take the development of their children seriously by acquiring the right information from the right source like local medical practitioner, psychologist. Etc. If they can’t make time they can watch related narrative videos online; on how to raise children into successful adult. Mankind has developed through ages and current ly in the era of information technology (Elliott & Jacebson 1991). Internet can be as a source for helpful information which is uploaded out there, parent can make internet research and also view helpful videos  like; About Child Development, Child Development Stages, Infant Developmental Milestones (Youtube 2014). Parent should understand what developmental miles stone stands for and what they should expect from their children at certain ages, just an insight to understand that children are fragile and they shouldn’t be forced in development. Parent should know what to expect from their children when they know more about developmental miles stones. They should be informed on things to do so they don’t hurt their child emotionally and psychically. According to UniCef South Africa (2008) parents/family have roles to play in the life of their kids, they are supporting guards giving to assist parent to know their roles and how to assist their children. Aggressive behaviour sometimes is as a result of low self-esteem treatment to improve low self-esteem emphasis on encouraging the patient to examine their beliefs and the evidence to support them and to acknowledge their positive qualities and also method to enhance self-esteem which is focused on eliciting statement about positive qualities that the patient may have and then investigating evidence to support these positive statements. (Pauline & Nicholas 2003). People with low self-esteem need positive activities to strengthen the already positive form of action helping them to get through their behavioral problems. They need to realize well power. Phonologically driven instructional Treatment can be of help with patient suffering from dyslexia, a phonological driven instructional treatment has to do with motivation of the patients with general phenomenon that they engage in or interact with that makes them happy like stories, cartoons, depending on the age of the patients and what generally appease or interest them. Understanding dyslexia involves a lot of combinations like, the current patient’s situation with the characters of the stories or the cartoons or the hero, making them understand they can be more. This encourages or convinces dyslexia patient that despite a slow start in learning to read, they could finish the race as skilled readers. The using of a systems approach in which instruction will be aimed at all levels of lan guage (subword, word, and text). Create instructional session, where by each session begins with a sound games to remediate the deficits in phonologic processing. Present polysyllabic words from texts present them orally, allow Junaid to count the number of syllables in the spoken word and use colored counters to represent each phoneme in the syllables. Only after  he analyzed the phonologic structure of each word will he see the same words in written form. Teach him how to decode the words by using syllabic patterns of written english and correspondences between one and two-letter spelling units and phonemes. Be Patient give him more time in analyzing and utilizing the complexity of syllabic patterns and spelling-phoneme of English. Present reading materials for reading then, enlighten Junaid more about the brain and functions of the brain. Repeat treatment from time to time. Phonologically driven treatment suggests that the brain is not only an independent variable that can cause a language disorder, such as dyslexia, but is also a dependent variable that can be modified by instructional intervention from the environment (Richards & Corina a & Serafinia & Steurya, & Echelarda & Dagera & Berningera 2000). In conclusion: A child development is a gradual process, social factors plays an important role in children’s development. It is important to note that developmental stages in children are important, unsuccessful developmental stage can be a problem in the next stage of development creating behavioral problems. Parents should understand children behaviour is unique, in a sense that pass experience creates present situation in behaviour. Parents should lookup data in this technology era that will assist them in raising their children. Aggressive behaviour or other unable acceptable social behaviour is mostly driving by unmeet emotional needs. Dyslexia patient sometimes end up using â€Å"drugs† one of the most common results of the limitation is the response of aggression (Hall & Tarrier 2003). It is important remedy behavioral problems in time. Reference List.Elliott, R. K., & Jacebson, P. D. (1991). ACCOUNTING A NATIONAL EMERGENCY. Journal of Accountancy, 55. Chicago Hall, P. L., & Tarrier, N. (2003). The cognitive-behavioural treatment of low self-esteem in psychotic patients: a pilot study. Behaviour research and therapy, 41(3), 317-332. Chicago Louw, D., & Louw, A. (2007). Child and adolescent development. South Africa. Richards, T. L., Corina, D., Serafini, S., Steury, K., Echelard, D. R., Dager, S. R., †¦ & Berninger, V. W. (2000). Effects of a phonologically driven treatment for dyslexia on lactate levels measured by proton MR spectroscopic imaging. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 21(5), 916-922. Unicef South Africa. (2008). Nation Building From The Start Early Childhood Development. Unicef, August 26. [On-line].Available: http://www.unicef.org/southafrica/SAF_resources_kbsreport.pdfYoutube. (2014). Child Development Stages. Child development, August 26. [On-line]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7f5TggIVLgYoutube. (2014). Infant Developmental Milestones [UndergroundMed]. UndergroudMed, August 26. [On-line]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0fnBTUuRIAYoutube. (2014). About Child Development. Child development, August 26. [On-line]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0fnBTUuRIA