About the Earths Geographic and Magnetic South Pole

About the Earths Geographic and Magnetic South Pole The South Pole is the southernmost point on the Earths surface. It is at 90ËšS scope and it is on the contrary side of the Earth from the North Pole. The South Pole is situated in Antarctica and it is at the site of the United States Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, an exploration station that was built up in 1956. Topography of the South Pole The Geographic South Pole is characterized as the southern point on Earths surface that crosses the Earths pivot of turn. This is the South Pole that is situated at the site of the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. It moves around 33 feet (ten meters) since it is situated on a moving ice sheet. The South Pole is on an ice level around 800 miles (1,300 km) from McMurdo Sound. The ice at this area is around 9,301 feet (2,835 m) thick. Therefore frosts development, the area of the Geographic South Pole, likewise called the Geodetic South Pole, must be recalculated yearly on January 1. As a rule, the directions of this area are simply communicated as far as scope (90ËšS) on the grounds that it basically has no longitude as it is found where the meridians of longitude unite. In spite of the fact that, if longitude is given it is supposed to be 0ËšW. What's more, all focuses moving ceaselessly from the South Pole face north and must have a scope underneath 90ëš as they push north toward the Earths equator. These focuses are as yet given in degrees south anyway on the grounds that they are in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the South Pole has no longitude, it is hard to read a clock there. What's more, time can't be evaluated by utilizing the suns position in the sky either in light of the fact that it rises and sets just once every year at the South Pole (because of its outrageous southern area and the Earths hub tilt). In this manner, for comfort, time is kept in New Zealand time at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Attractive and Geomagnetic South Pole Like the North Pole, the South Pole likewise has attractive and geomagnetic posts which contrast from the 90ËšS Geographic South Pole. As indicated by the Australian Antarctic Division, the Magnetic South shaft is the area on the Earths surface where the heading of the Earths attractive field is vertically upwards. This structures an attractive plunge that is 90ëš at the Magnetic South Pole. This area moves around 3 miles (5 km) every year and in 2007 it was situated at 64.497ËšS and 137.684ËšE. The Geomagnetic South Pole is characterized by the Australian Antarctic Division as the purpose of crossing point between the Earths surface and the pivot of an attractive dipole that approximates the Earths community and the start of the Earths attractive field. The Geomagnetic South Pole is evaluated to be situated at 79.74ËšS and 108.22ËšE. This area is close to the Vostok Station, a Russian examination station. Investigation of the South Pole In spite of the fact that investigation of Antarctica started in the mid-1800s, endeavored investigation of the South Pole didn't happen until 1901. In that year, Robert Falcon Scott endeavored the principal campaign from Antarcticas coastline toward the South Pole. His Discovery Expedition kept going from 1901 to 1904 and on December 31, 1902, he arrived at 82.26ËšS yet he didn't travel any farther south. Presently, Ernest Shackleton, who had been on Scotts Discovery Expedition, propelled another endeavor to arrive at the South Pole. This endeavor was known as the Nimrod Expedition and on January 9, 1909, he went in close vicinity to 112 miles (180 km) from the South Pole before he needed to turn around. At last in 1911 in any case, Roald Amundsen turned into the principal individual to arrive at the Geographic South Pole on December 14. After arriving at the shaft, Amundsen built up a camp named Polhiem and named the level that the South Pole is on, King Haakon VII Vidde. after 34 days on January 17, 1912, Scott, who was endeavoring to race Amundsen, additionally arrived at the South Pole, however on his arrival home Scott and his whole campaign kicked the bucket because of cold and starvation. Following Amundsen and Scotts arriving at the South Pole, individuals didn't return there until October 1956. In that year, U.S. Naval force Admiral George Dufek arrived there and presently, the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station was set up from 1956-1957. Individuals didn't arrive at the South Pole via land however until 1958 when Edmund Hillary and Vivian Fuchs propelled the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Since the 1950s, the greater part of the individuals on or close to the South Pole have been analysts and logical endeavors. Since the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station was set up in 1956, scientists have ceaselessly staffed it and as of late it has been redesigned and extended to permit more individuals to work there consistently. To get familiar with the South Pole and to see webcams, visit the ESRL Global Monitorings South Pole Observatory site. References Australian Antarctic Division. (21 August 2010). Shafts and Directions: Australian Antarctic Division. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (n.d.). ESRL Global Monitoring Division - South Pole Observatory. Wikipedia.org. (18 October 2010). South Pole - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Child Protection Policy free essay sample

Roughly 4 out of 10 kids in Grades 1-3 and 7 out of 10 in higher evaluation levels have grumbled of boisterous attack by their educators; 36. 53 % of kids in Grades 4-6 and 42. 88% of secondary school understudies studied showed they have encountered verbal sexual savagery in school and 11. 95% of youngsters in Grades 4-6 and 17. 60% of secondary school understudies have encountered improper contacting. †¢Source: â€Å" Towards A Child â€Friendly Education Environment†, PWU-C. CWC-UNICEF for Plan Philippines in 2009 Physical, Verbal and Sexual Abuse and Violence Among Children , (I. . Tormenting, and so on ) A. 73. 58% of kids in Grades 4-6 and 78. 36% in secondary school overviewed in urban regions have experienced boisterous attack savagery their companions; 30. 17% of youngsters in Grades 4-6 and 37. 57% in secondary school studied in country territories have encountered physical maltreatment or savagery submitted by their companions; 26. 74% of kids in Grades 4-6 and 43. 71% in secondary school in urban regions studied have encountered verbal sexual maltreatment submitted by their friends and 9. 65% of Grades 4-6 and 17. 71 of secondary school understudies experienced unseemly contacting. Source: â€Å" Towards A Child â€Friendly Education Environment†, PWU-B. C. CWC-UNICEF for Plan Philippines in 2009 MANDATE ? Workmanship. XV. Sec. 3(b). 1987 Philippine Constitution: â€Å"the State will safeguard the privilege of kids to help, including appropriate consideration and sustenance, and unique insurance from all types of disregard, misuse, savagery, abuse and different conditions biased to their development†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Article XIV, Section 3, (b): â€Å" every single instructive foundation will teach energy and patriotism, encourage love of humankind, regard for human rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ? ? Article 218, 220, 233 of the Family Code of the Philippines and PD 603 â€Å"gives the school, its managers and instructors, or the individual, substance or organization occupied with kid care the uncommon parental position and duty over the minor kid while under their watch, guidance or custody†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Authority and duty will apply to every single approved action whether inside or outside the premises of the school, substance or institution†¦. † DECLARATION OF POLICY †¢ Deped will guarantee that our schools are helpful for the training of kids. The wellbeing of the kid will be the fundamental thought in all choices and activities including kids. Instructors are their substitute guardians and are relied upon to release their capacities and obligations in view of this. DepED will proclaim a zero resilience arrangement for any demonstration of youngster misuse, misuse, viciousness, separation, tormenting and different types of misuse. †¢ OVERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS OF THE POLICY ? 1. Objective: successful execution of a zero resilience arrangement for any demonstration of youngster misuse, misuse, savagery, separation, harassing and different types of misuse. 2. Denied ACTS . Kid misuse; 2. Oppression kids; 3. Youngster Exploitation; 4. Brutality Against Children in School; 5. Whipping; 6. Any undifferentiated from or comparative acts; and 7. Harassing or Peer Abuse ? â€Å"Violence against kids submitted in schools† alludes to a solitary demonstration or a progression of acts submitted by school directors, scholastic and non-scholarly faculty against a kid which result in or is probably going to bring about physical, sexual, mental damage or enduring, or different maltreatment including dangers of such acts, battery, attack, pressure, badgering or discretionary hardship of freedom. It incorporates, however isn't constrained to the accompanying demonstrations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Physical savagery Sexual viciousness Psychological brutality Other demonstrations of brutality ? â€Å"Corporal Punishment† alludes to a sort of discipline or punishment forced for a claimed or real offense, which is completed or perpetrated, with the end goal of order, preparing or control, by an instructor, school overseer, a grown-up, or whatever other youngster who has been given or has accepted power or accountability for discipline or order. â€Å"Bullying or Peer Abuse† †alludes to unshakable forceful conduct that is coordinated towards a specific casualty who might be out-numbered, more youthful, powerless, with handicap, less certain, or in any case defenseless, more especially: a. Harassing b. Digital harassing 3. Obligations AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOLS ? Guarantee the foundation of successful youngster assurance approaches and systems and screen consistence thereof; Ensure that the school receives a kid security arrangement, compose and meet Child Protection Committee (CPC) for the school; Conduct the limit building exercises for the individuals from the CPC and Guidance Counselors/Teachers; Ensure that the participatory and different privileges of kids are regarded and maintained in all issues and techniques influencing their government assistance; Coordinate with proper workplaces and other organization or instrumentality for fitting help and mediation, as might be required in the exhibition of its capacities ? ? ? 4. Foundation OF CHILD PROTECTION COMMITTEE (CPC) Composition: School Head/Administrator †Chairperson Guidance Counselor/Teacher â€Vice Chairperson Representative of the Teachers as assigned by the Faculty Club Representative of the Parents as assigned by the PTA Representative of understudies/understudies as ass igned by the Supreme Student Council Representative from the Community as assigned by the Punong Barangay, ideally from the BCPC. ? ? ? ? ? ? Elements of CPC’s: ? Start data spread projects and compose exercises for the assurance of kids; Establish a framework for distinguishing understudies who might be experiencing critical damage dependent on any physical, passionate or social signs; Monitor the execution of positive measures and viable methodology in giving the essential help to the youngster and for the individuals who care for the kid; and Ensure that the children’s option to be heard are regarded and maintained in all issues and techniques influencing their government assistance. ? ? ? 5. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Capacity Building of School Officials, Personnel, Parents and Students ? Procedures: ? Directing meetings, trainings and workshops on positive companion connections and improvement of social and enthusiastic ability; ? Utilizing preparing modules which incorporate positive and peaceful order in homeroom the board and sexual orientation affectability; ? Utilizing of means which improve the aptitudes and instructional method in incorporating and educating children’s rights in the study hall. 6. Defensive AND REMEDIAL MEASURES TO ADDRESS BULLYING AND OTHER ACTS OF ABUSE ? Systems: All tormenting occurrences will be accounted for to the School Head. The School Head will thusly illuminate the guardians regarding the understudies concerned and a gathering will be held for that reason. The understudy will be alluded to the CPC for advising and different intercessions. The School may force Non-corrective Measures as per the standards of Positive and Non-Violent Di scipline. ? ? ? Reformatory estimates will be a final retreat. 7. Techniques IN HANDLING CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION, VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION CASES 1. Speedy direct of examination and detailing of cases; 2. School Head or the Schools Division Superintendent will advance the protest inside 48 hours to the Disciplining Authority, who will give an Order for the direct of a reality discovering examination, not later than 72 hours from accommodation; 3. On the off chance that the individual griped of is a non-showing staff, the Schools Division Superintendent will cause the direct of a reality discovering examination inside a similar period; 4. Criminal and common risk will not be a bar to the documenting of an authoritative case; 5. The Revised Rules of Procedure of DepED in Administrative Cases will apply in every single other perspective; 6. The character or other data that may sensibly distinguish the understudy or understudy will stay secret; and 7. The personality of a respondent-instructor will moreover be kept private. 8. Evaluation AND REFERRAL OF VICTIMS TO LSWDO ? The CPC will achieve the Intake Sheet; ? The School Head may allude the people in question and guilty parties to LSWDP for evaluation and proper mediation bless your heart

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Walking down the streets of SoHo shopping district during the month of June, you’ll see several dozen storefronts plastered in rainbow colors. As part of the LGBTQ community, my immediate reaction is, for lack of a better word, pride. I feel represented, wanted, and supported. As acceptance of queer identities (very) slowly but surely becomes commonplace in the overall American perspective, corporations undoubtedly move with their consumer base toward their political beliefs. This can be a natural phenomena under a capitalist system but upon deeper reflection, it feels exploitative. On the other end of the corporate pride month marketing rainbow is not unequivocal support for queer identities. It is capitalistic exploitation via the monetizing of queer culture and experience. As a policy student and during this Pride month, I want to inform people how corporation’ support for queer identities can be thinly-veiled, and under the veil is corporate profit and greed. First, we must explore what Pride is about. Pride commemorates the Stonewall Riots, a rebellion against police attempting to arrest queer people under the archaic sodomy laws in which men (and women) could be arrested if they did not abide by heterosexual, cisgendered norms. At its core, Pride is not about rainbow colors placed on a sock. Pride is about fighting back against a discriminatory system a system in which corporations have long acted in support that limits queer expression and rights. Pride is also time to reflect and celebrate the accomplishments the queer community has achieved despite a thriving system against us. Pride is about recentering acceptance as core to our community despite all the pain the queer community faces. Pride has never been about profits. Corporations do not contribute to the core of the Pride commemoration when they only paint their storefronts, merchandise, and services in rainbow colors. The limited-time offerings of low-quality rainbow T-shirts at higher prices is not an in-depth reflection on the queer experience. It’s a move to use queer symbols as profit. Furthermore, when corporations gain these profits, they seldom put it back into the community that is likely buying their Pride-centric goods and services. Even the corporations that do such a thing, likely by partnering with nonprofits for their Pride campaigns, seldom donate more than 15% of their profits to their partner. This is why Pride and corporations is a largely parasitic relationship corporations profit off queer culture and its burgeoning mainstream acceptance to then give no true benefit to the queer community. I recognize that some may say this critique is too harsh. I can acknowledge that the awareness of queer identities and acceptance as social progress is something that corporations actively play a role in. This is simply not enough though. Queer acceptance in all spaces should be a basic human right, and praising corporations for providing an open expression of that acceptance one month out of the year is a diluted accomplishment. When it comes to Pride campaigns, corporations can take the extra step to acknowledge queer struggle, pain, and history by donating ALL the profits gained from Pride month campaigns back into the queer community through scholarships, non-profit contributions, leftist political campaign donations, and other avenues of economic, social, and political empowerment for the LGBTQ community. Only then can the negative qualities of capitalism be somewhat mitigated to ultimately not exploit the queer experience for corporate profit. Next time I’m in SoHo, I want to know the places I’m shopping at support my community more than just a rainbow clothing campaign. I want them to support our collective struggle to navigate a heteronormative, homophobic, and transphobic system. I want to know that the money I spend at their stores, on their Pride campaign, is used for my community. If they are going to use queer culture as a design, they must understand queer history and be actively fighting to end the queer struggle.

Qué información tienen en control migratorio de USA

Mediante el sistema TECS, los oficiales en los controles migratorios  tienen acceso a una gran informacià ³n sobre los extranjeros que desean ingresar a Estados Unidos.   Pero,  ¿quà © tipo de informacià ³n contiene TECS?  ¿Quà © problemas pueden surgir?    ¿Quà © es el sistema TECS de informacià ³n en control migratoriode USA? TECS es una plataforma informà ¡tica gestionada por la Policà ­a de Control de Fronteras (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), que es parte del Departamento de Seguridad Internet (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En realidad es un sistema de sistemas donde diversas agencias ingresan informacià ³n para que los oficiales de la CBP puedan verificarla respecto a cada extranjero que quiere internarse en el paà ­s. Entre las agencias que suministran informacià ³n a destacan: El FBILas embajadas y consulados americanosLas cortes de JusticiaEl IRS, que es la agencia tributaria de Estados UnidosLas policà ­as locales y estatales.  ¿Quà © sistemas operan dentro de TECS y cà ³mo afectan en la prà ¡ctica a los viajeros? US-VISIT. Al llegar a la aduana americana, se le toma una foto y las huellas dactilares a la mayorà ­a de los extranjeros. Este sistema permite compararlas con las dadas en el momento de solicitar la visa en consulado o embajada. Asà ­, se impide que una persona utilice el pasaporte de otra para intentar ingresar a Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n sirve para evitar que los extranjeros con dos pasaportes intenten utilizar uno de ellos cuando se les ha denegado la visa americana con el otro. Por ejemplo, un venezolano que tambià ©n es espaà ±ol. Si solicità ³ el visado como venezolano y la solicitud le fue rechazada, luego no puede pretender ingresar con el espaà ±ol, aprovechando que a los ciudadanos de Espaà ±a no se les pide visa para visitas de turismo. Con US-VISIT el oficial de aduanas se da cuenta de que està ¡ ante una persona con la visa denegada y posiblemente le impida internarse en el paà ­s. APIS. Es el sistema por el que las aerolà ­neas comunican a las autoridades americanas que un extranjero ha comprado un boleto de avià ³n y pretende viajar hacia Estados Unidos. Entre la informacià ³n que transmiten se encuentra: nombre, apellidos, fecha de nacimiento, gà ©nero y lugar de expedicià ³n del pasaporte. Las aerolà ­neas tambià ©n colaboran comunicando cuando un extranjero embarca en uno de sus aviones cuando sale de Estados Unidos, con lo que la CBP puede saber inmediatamente si ha excedido la estancia autorizada. Recuerda que si no sales a tiempo, asà ­ sea por unas pocas horas, la visa se cancela y los del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no pueden disfrutar de ese privilegio. Ademà ¡s, si la estancia sin permiso fue superior a seis meses, aplica el castigo o penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os. IAFIS. Busca en una gran base de datos del huellas dactilares del FBI, al que previamente autoridades policiales locales y estatales han enviado informacià ³n. Asà ­ se puede saber prà ¡cticamente al momento si el extranjero que desea entrar en Estados Unidos tiene un rà ©cord criminal y proceder a su detencià ³n o expulsià ³n. En la actualidad IAFIS alberga mà ¡s de 55 millones de expedientes, siendo la mayor base de datos del mundo de esta naturaleza. Otros sistemas a destacar dentro de TECS son IDENT y ENFORCE. Ademà ¡s, el oficial de la CBP puede incorporar informacià ³n nueva como su impresià ³n sobre el extranjero o el resultado de una pequeà ±a conversacià ³n: a quà © viene, por cuà ¡nto tiempo, dà ³nde se va a alojar, etc.  ¿Quà © sucede cuando el oficial de la CBP tiene acceso a la informacià ³n TECS? En la mayorà ­a de los casos tramitarà ¡ muy rà ¡pidamente la autorizacià ³n de la entrada del extranjero. En la actualidad mà ¡s de 900,000 personas pasan a diario por las fronteras americanas. En una media de 32,000 casos diarios serà ¡ necesario una segunda inspeccià ³n. De ellos, se calcula que a unos 15 se accederà ¡ a la informacià ³n de sus aparatos electrà ³nicos, como telà ©fonos, computadoras, cà ¡maras de fotos, tabletas, etc. Son casos muy extraordinarios y generalmente responde a asuntos relacionados con la seguridad nacional, terrorismo o delitos particularmente horrendos como la pornografà ­a infantil o narcotrà ¡fico. La gran mayorà ­a de las personas que deben pasar a una inspeccià ³n secundaria no tendrà ¡n ningà ºn problema y se les permitirà ¡ entrar tras un pequeà ±o retraso para comprobacià ³n de datos. Si bien es posible que en determinados casos a un extranjero se le autorice el ingreso pero se le de una citacià ³n para presentarse ante un juez de inmigracià ³n. Esto sà ³lo pasa si asà ­ lo decide el oficial de inmigracià ³n (no es un derecho del extranjero) y como requisito previo es necesario que tenga al menos una visa en vigor. Es decir, no aplica a las personas autorizadas a viajar sin visa, segà ºn el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados, que no van a ser enviadas a un juez si surgen problemas. Y finalmente a un total aproximado de 210,000 personas al aà ±o se les prohibe la entrada y son devueltas al lugar donde originà ³ su viaje. En estos casos dos situaciones pueden ocurrir: Que el oficial de inmigracià ³n permita una retirada de la peticià ³n de entrar, que es lo mà ¡s ventajoso.Que se ordene una expulsià ³n inmediata, con lo que el afectado tiene prohibido el regreso a a EEUU por cinco aà ±os. Ademà ¡s, su visa actual se ha cancelado. Y si se trata de una persona del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no podrà ¡ viajar con la ESTA y necesitarà ¡ solicitar previamente a viajar una visa en el consulado. Hay que tener muy en cuenta que para que una persona extrajera pueda ingresar a Estados Unidos en todo momento tiene que reunir dos condiciones: ser elegible y ser inadmisible. Y es que tener una visa vigente o ser de un paà ­s que permite viajar sin visa no es suficiente. Estas son 22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible y 20 que la convierten en inelegible. Estas razones tienes consecuencias en los consulados a la hora de aprobar una visa o su renovacià ³n y tambià ©n en los controles migratorios de Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © hacer si siempre te envà ­an a inspeccià ³n secundaria, te hacen perder vuelos de enlace, crees que hay informacià ³n errà ³nea sobre ti en el sistema? El DHS tiene un sistema para poder comunicar esas quejas e intentar subsanar posibles errores. Lo que hay que entender es que los extranjeros no tienen un derecho a entrar en Estados Unidos, aunque tengan visa en vigor. Y, por lo tanto, no hay ninguna violacià ³n de un derecho que no existe. No se puede demandar, ya que no hay derecho que exigir. Sà ­ se puede intentar arreglar errores o dejar pasar el tiempo en caso de castigos por determinadas acciones. A tener en cuenta Es posible que una persona que nunca haya tenido ningà ºn problema para ingresar, un dà ­a se encuentre con que es parada y no se le permite. Eso puede deberse a que ciertos elementos pueden ser interpretados y analizados de manera distinta, segà ºn el oficial de inmigracià ³n que toque, por ejemplo,  ¿cà ³mo se determina si una persona tiene intencià ³n de quedarse dentro de EEUU? Un agente puede verlo de una manera y otro de otra. Pero tambià ©n es posible que simplemente se haya introducido en TECS un dato que hasta ese momento no figuraba. Puede ser reciente o viejo. Y una vez que le consta al oficial de la CBP determinadas actividades decide prohibir la entrada. Por otro lado, la frontera terrestre, especialmente con Mà ©xico- tambià ©n se protege con aparatos tecnolà ³gicos de à ºltima generacià ³n, aà ºn sin la construccià ³n del muro propuesto por el presidente Trump. Finalmente, tener presente que no sà ³lo la CBP tiene acceso a TECS sino mà ¡s agencias del gobierno estadounidense como NCIC y NLETS, e incluso se le permite al CPIC que es de Canadà ¡. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Hunahpu and Xbalanque - The Maya Hero Twins

The Hero Twins are famous Mayan semi-gods called Hunahpu and Xbalanque, whose story is narrated in the Popol Vuh (â€Å"The Book of Council†). The Popol Vuh is the sacred text of the Quichà © Maya of the Guatemalan highlands, and it was written during the Early Colonial period, probably between 1554–1556, although the stories within it are clearly much older. The First Hero Twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque are the second Hero Twins in Maya mythology. Like all Mesoamerican cultures, the Maya believed in cyclical time, including periodic cosmic destruction and renovation, called the ages of the world. The first pair of divine hero twins were the Maize Twins, 1 Hunter Hun Hunahpu and 7 Hunter Vuqub Hunahpu, and they lived during the second world. Hun Hunahpu and his twin brother Vucub Hunahpu were invited down into the Maya underworld (Xibalba) to play the Mesoamerican ballgame by the Xibalban lords One and Seven Death. There they fell prey to several trickeries. On the eve of the scheduled game, they were given cigars and torches and told to keep them lit all night without consuming them. They failed in this test, and the penalty for failure was death. The twins were sacrificed and buried, but the head of Hun Hunapu was cut off, and only his body was buried with his younger brother. The Lords of Xibalba placed Hun Hunapus head in the fork of a tree, where it helped the tree bear fruit. Eventually, the head came to look like a calabash—the American domesticated squash. A daughter of one of the lords of Xibalba named Xquic (Blood Moon) came to see the tree and Hun Hunapus head talked to her and spit saliva into the maidens hand, impregnating her. Nine months later, the second Hero Twins were born. The Second Hero Twins In the third world, the second pair of hero twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque, avenged the first set by defeating the Lords of the Underworld. The names of the second set of Hero Twins have been translated as X-Balan-Que â€Å"Jaguar-Sun† or â€Å"Jaguar-Deer,† and Hunah-Pu, as â€Å"One Blowgunner.† When Hunahpu (One Blowgunner) and Xbalanque (Jaguar Sun) are born, they are treated cruelly by their half-brothers  but make themselves happy by going out every day to hunt birds with their blowguns. After many adventures, the twins are summoned to the underworld. Following in the footsteps of their fathers, Hunahpu and Xbalanque descend the road to Xibalba, but avoid the tricks that captured their fathers. When they are given a torch and cigars to keep alight, they trick the lords by passing off a macaws tail as the glow of a torch, and by putting fireflies at the tips of their cigars. The next day, Hunahpuh and Xbalanque play ball with the Xibalbans, who first try to play with a ball made of a skull covered with crushed bone. An extended game follows, full of trickery on both sides, but the wily twins survive. Dating the Hero Twins Myth In prehistoric sculptures and paintings, the Hero Twins arent identical twins. The older twin (Hunahpuh) is depicted as larger than his younger twin, right-handed and masculine, with black spots on his right cheek, shoulder and arms. The sun and pronghorn antlers are Hunahpuhs main symbols, although often both twins wear deer symbols. The younger twin (Xbalanque) is smaller, left-handed and often with a feminine guise, with the moon and rabbits his symbols. Xbalanque has patches of jaguar skin on his face and body. Although the Popol Vuh dates to the Colonial period, the Hero Twins have been identified on painted vessels, monuments, and cave walls dating to the Classic and Preclassic period, as early as 1000 BCE. The names of the Hero Twins are also present in the Maya calendar as day signs. This further indicates the importance and antiquity of the myth of the Hero Twins, whose origins date back to the earliest period of Maya history. Hero Twins in the Americas In the Popol Vuh myth, before avenging the fates of the first twins, the two brothers have to kill a bird-demon called Vucub-Caquix. This episode is apparently portrayed in a stela at the early site of Izapa, in Chiapas. Here a couple of young men are portrayed shooting a bird-monster descending from a tree with their blowgun. This image is very similar to the one narrated in the Popol Vuh. The myth of divine hero-twins is known in most Native American traditions. They are present in myths and tales both as legendary ancestors, and heroes that need to overcome various trials. Death and rebirth are suggested by many of the hero-twins appearing in the form of men-fish. Many Mesoamerican Indians believed that gods catch fish, human embryos floating in a mythical lake. The Hero Twin myth was part of a suite of ideas and artifacts that arrived in the American southwest from the gulf coast beginning about 800 CE. Scholars have noted that the Maya Hero Twin myth appears in southwestern United States Mimbres pottery about that time. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Sources Boskovic, Aleksandar. The Meaning of Maya Myths. Anthropos 84.1/3 (1989): 203–12. Print.Gilman, Patricia, Marc Thompson, and Kristina Wyckoff. Ritual Change and the Distant: Mesoamerican Iconography, Scarlet Macaws, and Great Kivas in the Mimbres Region of Southwestern New Mexico. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 90–107. Print.Knapp, Bettina L. The Popol Vuh: Primordial Mother Participates in the Creation. Confluencia 12.2 (1997): 31–48. Print.Miller, Mary E., and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Print.Sharer, Robert J. The Ancient Maya. 6th ed. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006. Print.Tedlock, Dennis. How to Drink Chocolate from a Skull at a Wedding Banquet. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 42 (2002): 166–79. Print.---. The Popol Vuh: Definitive Edition of the Maya Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings. 2nd ed. New York: To uchstone, 1996. Print.

A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Free Essays

Louis de berniires wrote this chapter in the third person narrative, nonetheless, the narrator does not indicate to us who this ‘wild man of the ice’ actually is. We assume that he indeed does know who this man is. The opening of the chapter is quite an idyllic picture created by Pelagia with her mention of seeing, ‘Her first butterfly of the year,’ which gives the reader a sense of bliss as well as Pelagia. We will write a custom essay sample on A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this idyllic picture is shattered in the second chapter as she saw, ‘There was a stranger seated at the kitchen table,’ she described the man as, ‘A most horrible and wild stranger who looked worse than the brigands of childhood tales. ‘ This particular sentence indicates to the reader a sense of foreboding. Although, we later find out that this man is Mandras, now neither Pelagia nor we have any idea. This then proves a scenario than many people dread and some can even relate to, coming home and finding a strange in your home. This is a nightmare situation, and although we do not have a detailed description of Pelagia’s feelings, the reader would have a good idea of how she felt at that moment. In a way, this is clever by de berniires as he is leaving the reader to become Pelagia and feel the feelings she is feeling. Although, this is only one interpretation of this section, it does seem like an intention of de berniires as he does not go into a lot of detail about Pelagia’s feelings now, but in other parts of the book, he does. Following this, de berniires shows us the state that Mandras is in, he uses a lot of very descriptive and quite gruesome images created of Mandras’, ‘Suppurating wounds,’ and the, ‘reek of rotting flesh. ‘ These images help to create an image of how Mandras may have appeared to Pelagia and do help to prove the fact of why he is unrecognisable to Pelagia. De Berniires has given us a lot of information about Mandras at this point and Pelagia sees very uneasy and she can only say that her, ‘Father’s out,’ which indicates her level of diffidence. We can also see form Mandras’ speech that because of his physical pain he is projecting a sense of mental instability. This could be evident from his short sentences and his bad language. He comes a point of almost breaking down where he is accusing his perpetrators as, ‘Bastards, Bastards,’ but Pelagia, although appalled, seems to try and be sensible and not try anything untoward, by just asking him to leave, in not so many words. From this Mandras begins to talk very quickly and he seems very uncomfortable until finally he asks Pelagia to look at his hands. He then, ‘Held them up to her, palm outwards in the gesture that would normally be an insult,’ which showed Pelagia the extent of the injuries he had been subject to, which may have made her feel sorry for him. On the other hand, it may just have made her feel unwell. After this, Mandras again begins with his quick-paced narrative. He begins by talking about the way, ‘The ice screams. It shrieks. ‘ This could be a failure of communication of the part of Mandras and an idea of his mind playing tricks on him. This would highlight what the war had done to Mandras, and shows us the situation he was in. It also specifies the kind of physical torture he must have endured. There is also a point that he may have been subject to extremely cold weather and may have lost his fingers to frostbite. This would explain this section of the chapter quite clearly. The sentences are very abrupt and every sentence is almost self-contained. Due to the fact that the sentences are short and sharp and as the sentences are disjointed we can clearly see the madness of Mandras. Following this section, we can see that Pelagia is beginning to get desperate, this desperation if evident in the tone of voice she uses. She wants him to leave and pleads with him. This may or may not be an indication of sorrow and tearfulness. However, when she pleads for him to leave, it does seem to provoke a reaction in Mandras. This reaction is the first response that she has received from him, this could prove to Pelagia that maybe he is not a, ‘Wild man,’ and that he is probably a man. On the other hand, Pelagia still has no idea who he is and why he is here in her kitchen. As a result, the narrator then has decided upon the introduction of Psipsina. This is very important and is probably the turning point of the chapter. There is a sudden change in atmosphere and this is an indication of reality being restored. This is introduced by firstly, the realisation that, ‘At least Psipsina remembers me. ‘ This is a very revealing sentence as it brings Pelagia’s thought to a different place. It makes her wonder who this man actually is. Pelagia knows how, ‘Psipsina was afraid of strangers,’ and this begged the question form her about, ‘how did this ghastly ruin know her name? ‘ Although these questions seem inconsiderate, she suddenly had a thought of maybe this was her beloved Mandras. This may have seemed like a very good guess, but it also may have been something she was always thinking in the back of her mind. Although she kept calling him, ‘ghastly,’ and, ‘wild,’ she may have been only saying these things to try and block out the truth. This could be described as a manipulation of her mind and could be a disguise for her anger towards Mandras. This anger would be because Mandras went and got badly injured, which is an idea that some people adopt as it could be a reckless thing for them to do. In this case is it could also be that Pelagia was calling him so many different things to block out any possibility of it being Mandras. When Mandras realises that Pelagia has recognised her, he describes how he has, ‘got lice,’ and how he, ‘Shat himself when a bomb fell,’ which specifies how maybe all he wants is to be with her, but he does not want to subject her to all the troubles he has been victim to. This provides an answer as to why he did not to tell her who he was straight away. Subsequent to finding out about Mandras, Pelagia then begins questioning him about why, ‘You never wrote to me,’ which is an accusation that Mandras can only answer truthfully by telling Pelagia that he, ‘Can’t write. ‘ This is a new idea introduced by de berniires and does make Pelagia think of why he had not tried other things like, ‘couldn’t someone else have written for you? ‘ We now see an element of Pelagia as a young immature girl and Mandras as a mature person. Where before Pelagia had realised it was Mandras, these roles were reversed. The maturity of Mandras could be associated with the things he has faced in war, and now that he is able to talk, he beings to apologise and explain. Mandras is further depicted by the narrator as, ‘An infinity of fatigue,’ which is connected with his eyes, but could well be a generalisation for his whole body at this moment. We see his frailty being embellished as, ‘He tried to steady his cup to drink, failed, and put it down on the table. ‘ This reminds us simply that he is severely injured even though he is know talking instead of the painful silence and very disjointed sentences spoken earlier in the chapter. Furthermore, this provokes Pelagia to ask about the letters she had sent to him. Mandras, ‘Fumbled inside his clothing and drew out a huge and bedraggled packet bound together with tripwire. ‘ It showed to Pelagia that he had indeed received the letters, but he then stated that he, ‘Couldn’t read them,’ which would have made Mandras seem very inferior, but he now seems more powerful and this illiteracy does not seem to dumb him down that much. However, Pelagia then tries to take control by not reading the letters to Mandras when he asked her to, ‘Even if it’s too late. This creates a sense of longing and makes us have pity toward him, but rather than Pelagia pitying him, she takes control by saying that she will read them, ‘Later. ‘ This is ironic as later Mandras forces her to read them to him, which gives he may think gives him back his control. However, the fact that Pelagia can read and he cannot still gives her the power o ver him. After all this has gone on Mandras simply fondles Psipsina and thinks that, ‘Only the animals know me. ‘ Yet, it seems that Pelagia does know take pity of him as she sits with him and comforts him at the end of the chapter. The way Mandras, ‘Buried his face in his hands and began to rock like an injured child,’ does point to a very scared and lonely position. People who want to shut themselves out form the world and live in a world of their own adopt this position. Therefore, Pelagia notices this and tries to comfort him, and maybe succeeds in letting Mandras know that she will be there for him. This would have made him feel that he is not alone and even though he is physically repulsive, Pelagia is more interested in his feelings more. How to cite A practical criticism of Chapter 20 of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, Papers

Memorandum Essay Example For Students

Memorandum Essay To: All teachersFrom: Date:August 22, 2016Subject:AR point requirements As we start our new school year, I would like to remind everyone about our AR point requirements. Students must meet both requirements to be considered for the Six Weeks party, along with their behavior in class. If students do not meet their goal of 85% on accuracy and 100% of their points read, then they will not even be considered. If they meet both of those requirements, havent been sent to the office, or had more than three warnings in class then they are eligible for the party. I could really use your help in encouraging our students to work hard to meet their goals. Not every kid has the same goal. It is an individual goal that they are encouraged to do their best to achieve. If you see a kid struggling please find them a reading partner to read with to help them along the way. Not every school has a program as eventful as ours. We have shown great improvement in the past two years and I look forward to seeing much more! This will be another great year! Please help me out as we are here to show these kids that reading can be fun and a key to their success. Thanks. cc: Janice George, PrincipalFrom: To: TVCC Dean of StudentsSubject: Added Late Night Parking Lot Student SafetyDean Jordan, For several weeks now there has been a feeling of fear from students as they walk to their dorms or parking lot after night classes. This has been caused by the recent vehicle burglaries, and student assaults on campus. So, we have decided to take your advice, and not travel alone. Several student groups have volunteered to escort other students to their dorms or parking spaces at night. This in return has caused some of us to come in late past curfew. Would you please discuss this issue with the Dorm Advisors and let them know that the reasoning for the past curfew entries is justified, We feel this is added security needed until the college is able to boost its police force parking lot patrols. I have arraigned a meeting of several fraternities, and student groups to discuss this further. It will be held Wednesday, August 3, 2016 at 6PM in the Student union Building. We invite you to attend and add your thoughts. Sincerely, Julie FlorenceDADCEMemoBBDBCCFalse